ArticlePloS one2012
Synergistic TLR2/6 and TLR9 activation protects mice against lethal influenza pneumonia.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Inhaled pattern recognition receptor agonists promote inducible epithelial resistance against murine betacoronavirus disease.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2026Article
- The Role of the Respiratory Microbiome in Pneumonia.Clinics in chest medicine · 2026Review
- Phosphorothioate backbone modification of oligodeoxynucleotides induces TLR9-independent lung epithelial antimicrobial responses.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2026Article
- Damage sensing through TLR9 regulates inflammatory and antiviral responses during influenza infection.Mucosal immunology · 2025Article
- Innate immune role of IL-6 in influenza a virus pathogenesis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Targeted delivery of flagellin by nebulization offers optimized respiratory immunity and defense against pneumococcal pneumonia.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2024Article
- The RNA receptor RIG-I binding synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide promotes pneumonia survival.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Damage sensing through TLR9 Regulates Inflammatory and Antiviral Responses During Influenza Infection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Mathematical Modeling of the Lethal Synergism of Coinfecting Pathogens in Respiratory Viral Infections: A Review.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Antimicrobial mitochondrial reactive oxygen species induction by lung epithelial immunometabolic modulation.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Review
- Redox-Dependent Activation of Lung Epithelial STAT3 Is Required for Inducible Protection against Bacterial Pneumonia.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2023Article
- Epithelial STAT3: A New Twist in Inducible Antimicrobial Resistance.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2023Article
- Antimicrobial mitochondrial reactive oxygen species induction by lung epithelial metabolic reprogramming.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Role of toll-like receptors and nod-like receptors in acute lung infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Toll-like receptors 2, 4, and 9 modulate promoting effect of COPD-like airway inflammation on K-ras-driven lung cancer through activation of the MyD88/NF-ĸB pathway in the airway epithelium.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Minimizing caging effects in murine lung microbiome studies.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2022Article
- OBIF: an omics-based interaction framework to reveal molecular drivers of synergy.NAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2022Article
- Reply to YasumaAmerican journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2022Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Lower respiratory tract infections caused by influenza A continue to exact unacceptable worldwide mortality, and recent epidemics have emphasized the importance of preventative and containment strategies. We have previously reported that induction of the lungs' intrinsic defenses by aerosolized treatments can protect mice against otherwise lethal challenges with influenza A virus. More recently, we identified a combination of Toll like receptor (TLR) agonists that can be aerosolized to protect mice against bacterial pneumonia. Here, we tested whether this combination of synthetic TLR agonists could enhance the survival of mice infected with influenza A/HK/8/68 (H3N2) or A/California/04/2009 (H1N1) influenza A viruses. We report that the TLR treatment enhanced survival whether given before or after the infectious challenge, and that protection tended to correlate with reductions in viral titer 4 d after infection. Surprisingly, protection was not associated with induction of interferon gene expression. Together, these studies suggest that synergistic TLR interactions can protect against influenza virus infections by mechanisms that may provide the basis for novel therapeutics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.