SynthesisPloS one2012
Interventions to influence consulting and antibiotic use for acute respiratory tract infections in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05166369 (Optimisation of Antibiotic Prescription in Acute Non-complicated Respiratory Tract Infections in Children), which is not on this map. Cited by 82 papers, 16 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Optimisation of Antibiotic Prescription in Acute Non-complicated Respiratory Tract Infections in Children: a Multicenter Factorial Randomised Controlled Trial Targeting Health Professionals and Parents.
Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 16 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effectiveness of safety-netting approaches for acutely ill children: a network meta-analysis.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence and healthcare burden of inappropriate antimicrobial treatment in patients at high risk of complications from acute respiratory infections: a scoping review.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Predicting poor outcomes in children aged 1-12 with respiratory tract infections: A systematic review.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- Health Equity in the Effectiveness of Web-Based Health Interventions for the Self-Care of People With Chronic Health Conditions: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2020Pooled it
- Systematic review of patient-oriented interventions to reduce unnecessary use of antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections.Systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Digital interventions for parents of acutely ill children and their treatment-seeking behaviour: a systematic review.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2020Pooled it
- Does probiotic consumption reduce antibiotic utilization for common acute infections? A systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of public health · 2019Pooled it
- Clinician-targeted interventions to influence antibiotic prescribing behaviour for acute respiratory infections in primary care: an overview of systematic reviews.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Systematic review of public-targeted communication interventions to improve antibiotic use.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2017Pooled it
- Oral Astragalus (Huang qi) for preventing frequent episodes of acute respiratory tract infection in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Pooled it
- Written information for patients (or parents of child patients) to reduce the use of antibiotics for acute upper respiratory tract infections in primary care.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Interventions to facilitate shared decision making to address antibiotic use for acute respiratory infections in primary care.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
- How communication affects prescription decisions in consultations for acute illness in children: a systematic review and meta-ethnography.BMC family practice · 2014Pooled it
- Reducing antibiotic prescribing for children with respiratory tract infections in primary care: a systematic review.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2013Pooled it
- Trial
- A multifaceted intervention to reduce antibiotic prescribing among CHIldren with acute COugh and respiratory tract infection: the CHICO cluster RCT.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2023Trial
- Let's Talk About Antibiotics: a randomised trial of two interventions to reduce antibiotic misuse.BMJ open · 2022Trial
- Reductions in Parent Interest in Receiving Antibiotics following a 90-Second Video Intervention in Outpatient Pediatric Clinics.The Journal of pediatrics · 2020Trial
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRespiratory tract infections (RTIs) are common in children and generally self-limiting, yet often result in consultations to primary care. Frequent consultations divert resources from care for potentially more serious conditions and increase the opportunity for antibiotic overuse. Overuse of antibiotics is associated with adverse effects and antimicrobial resistance, and has been shown to influence how patients seek care in ensuing illness episodes. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness of interventions directed towards parents or caregivers which were designed to influence consulting and antibiotic use for respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in children in primary care. Main outcomes were parental consulting rate, parental knowledge, and proportion of children subsequently consuming antibiotics. Of 5,714 references, 23 studies (representing 20 interventions) met inclusion criteria. Materials designed to engage children in addition to parents were effective in modifying parental knowledge and behaviour, resulting in reductions in consulting rates ranging from 13 to 40%. Providing parents with delayed prescriptions significantly decreased reported antibiotic use (Risk Ratio (RR) 0.46 (0.40, 0.54); moreover, a delayed or no prescribing approach did not diminish parental satisfaction.
conclusionsIN ORDER TO BE MOST EFFECTIVE, INTERVENTIONS TO INFLUENCE PARENTAL CONSULTING AND ANTIBIOTIC USE SHOULD: engage children, occur prior to an illness episode, employ delayed prescribing, and provide guidance on specific symptoms. These results support the wider implementation of interventions to reduce inappropriate antibiotic use in children.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.