ReviewJournal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism2012
Importance of T lymphocytes in brain injury, immunodeficiency, and recovery after cerebral ischemia.
Review in Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 113 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
113 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 199 citations in OpenAlex.
- Regulatory T Cell- and Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Inflammation, Cerebral Vasospasm, and Delayed Cerebral Ischemia in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Approach.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Prognostic role of dynamic neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in acute ischemic stroke after reperfusion therapy: A meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Simultaneous activation of border-associated immune cells and glial cells at the CNS-meningeal interface after subarachnoid haemorrhage in rats.Brain structure & function · 2026Article
- Harnessing Regulatory T Cells to Modulate Acute Brain Injury: From Mechanisms to Therapy.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Targeting CD4⁺ T cell infiltration: mechanisms and therapeutic insights into CD4⁺ T cell transmigration across the blood-brain barrier in acute ischemic stroke.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Review
- Hspa8 modulation of immune responses mitigates ischemic brain injury.Genes and immunity · 2026Article
- Blood glucose mediation of the association between SIRI and mortality in T2DM complicated with ischemic stroke.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Ferroptosis-immune crosstalk in CNS diseases: mechanisms and translational insights.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Genome-wide KAS-Seq mapping of leukocytes in ischemia-reperfusion model reveals IL7R as a potential therapeutic target for ischemia-reperfusion injury.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Profiling X chromosome genes expression relevant to sex dimorphism in stroke: insights from transcriptomics landscape analysis.Frontiers in genetics · 2025Article
- Enhancing Th17 cells drainage through meningeal lymphatic vessels alleviate neuroinflammation after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Patients with Severe Trauma Having an Injury Severity Score of 24 and above Develop Nutritional Disorders.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Targeting brain-peripheral immune responses for secondary brain injury after ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Review
- Th17 Cells and IL-17A in Ischemic Stroke.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Review
- Regulatory T lymphocytes in traumatic brain injury.Neurochemistry international · 2024Review
- Association of the Systemic Inflammation Response Index with Functional Outcome in Acute Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke Patients Receiving Mechanical Thrombectomy.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Article
- Temporal changes in regulatory T cell subsets defined by the transcription factor Helios in stroke and their potential role in stroke-associated infection: a prospective case-control study.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- Integrative Approaches in Acute Ischemic Stroke: From Symptom Recognition to Future Innovations.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Lymphocyte-Related Immunomodulatory Therapy with Siponimod (BAF-312) Improves Outcomes in Mice with Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Aging and disease · 2023Article
- CD4Antioxidants & redox signaling · 2023Review
53 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Following an ischemic stroke, T lymphocytes become activated, infiltrate the brain, and appear to release cytokines and reactive oxygen species to contribute to early inflammation and brain injury. However, some subsets of T lymphocytes may be beneficial even in the early stages after a stroke, and recent evidence suggests that T lymphocytes can also contribute to the repair and regeneration of the brain at later stages. In the hours to days after stroke, T-lymphocyte numbers are then reduced in the blood and in secondary lymphoid organs as part of a 'stroke-induced immunodeficiency syndrome,' which is mediated by hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, resulting in increased risk of infectious complications. Whether or not poststroke T-lymphocyte activation occurs via an antigen-independent process, as opposed to a classical antigen-dependent process, is still controversial. Although considerable recent progress has been made, a better understanding of the roles of the different T-lymphocyte subpopulations and their temporal profile of damage versus repair will help to clarify whether T-lymphocyte targeting may be a viable poststroke therapy for clinical use.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.