ArticleVirchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology2012
Phenotyping of pulmonary carcinoids and a Ki-67-based grading approach.
Article in Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- The use of Ki-67 labeling index to grade pulmonary well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms: current best evidence.Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc · 2018Pooled it
- Expression of Thymidylate Synthase in Cancer: A Tissue Microarray Study Involving 17,371 Cancers from 136 Tumor Entities.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumors of Lung: A Case Series Supporting the IARC/WHO Common Classification of Neuroendocrine Tumor Nomenclature and Grading.Endocrine pathology · 2026Article
- Review
- Intra-individual qualitative and quantitative comparison of [Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2023Article
- Lung carcinoid tumours: histology and Ki-67, the eternal rivalry.Histopathology · 2023Article
- Visual analysis of lung neuroendocrine tumors based on CiteSpace knowledge graph.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Article
- Lung neuroendocrine neoplasms: recent progress and persistent challenges.Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc · 2022Review
- Review
- Prognostic nomogram for predicting long-term survival in bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumor patients receiving resection.Annals of translational medicine · 2021Article
- Prognostic significance of histopathological factors in survival and recurrence of atypical carcinoid tumours.Interactive cardiovascular and thoracic surgery · 2021Article
- New TNM staging in lung cancer (8Journal of clinical and translational research · 2020Article
- Clinical Evaluation of Everolimus in the Treatment of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Lung: Patient Selection and Special Considerations. A Systematic and Critical Review of the Literature.Lung Cancer (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2020Review
- A case of primary pulmonary atypical carcinoid with EML4-ALK rearrangement.Cancer biology & therapy · 2020Article
- Bronchial carcinoid tumors: second primary neoplasms and outcomes of surgical treatment.Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisilogia · 2019Article
- [Immunophenotyping of lung tumors : An update].Der Pathologe · 2019Review
- Evaluation of diagnostic and prognostic significance of Ki-67 index in pulmonary carcinoid tumours.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2017Article
- Ki-67 labeling index of neuroendocrine tumors of the lung has a high level of correspondence between biopsy samples and surgical specimens when strict counting guidelines are applied.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2017Observational
- Prognostic Factors in Typical and Atypical Pulmonary Carcinoids.Ochsner journal · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pulmonary carcinoids (PC) are separated into typical (TC) and atypical carcinoids (ATC). However, the biological behavior cannot be reliably predicted, and in small biopsies differential diagnosis can be challenging. To provide a basis for a grading approach, we analyzed mitoses and the proliferative index (PI; Ki-67) of 200 PC specimens (TC: n = 114; ATC: n = 86). To define suitable diagnostic and to screen for putative therapeutic markers, CD56, CD57, CD99, CD117, TTF-1, synaptophysin, chromogranin A, CK 18, KL-1, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her-2/neu), somatostatin receptor subtype 2A (SSTR2A), thymidylate synthase (TS), and excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC-1) expression was analyzed. A combination of synaptophysin and cytokeratins is the most sensitive marker panel for PC with unclear histomorphology. Predictive phenotyping revealed that SSTR2A is expressed in >80% of all PC and may be used both, as a diagnostic marker for imaging approaches and as a predictive marker for octreotide-based therapies. We introduced a grading system distinguishing between PC with low and highly aggressive biological behavior similar to the grading system for gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors. The system is superior to the classical separation into TC and ATC. This study indicates that PI in addition to mitotic count may improve prediction of the biological behavior of PC and should be validated in prospective studies.
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