ArticleArchives of medical science : AMS2011
Is the metabolic syndrome caused by a high fructose, and relatively low fat, low cholesterol diet?
Article in Archives of medical science : AMS, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dietary Fructose Alters Duodenal Mucin Glycosylation and Mucus Production in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Association of Adiponectin Gene Polymorphism rs266729 in Obese People with Type Two Diabetes Mellitus in North Bulgaria's Population.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Voluntary Exercise-Induced Skeletal Muscle Responses in Young and Aged Mice on a High-Fat Diet.Cureus · 2025Article
- Hepatoprotective effect of silymarin on fructose induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in male albino wistar rats.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2021Article
- Article
- The protective effect of neonatal oral administration of oleanolic acid against the subsequent development of fructose-induced metabolic dysfunction in male and female rats.Nutrition & metabolism · 2018Article
- Cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome and health behaviours of postmenopausal women working in agriculture.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2017Article
- Formation of Fructose-Mediated Advanced Glycation End Products and Their Roles in Metabolic and Inflammatory Diseases.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2017Review
- Modulation of adipose tissue lipolysis and body weight by high-density lipoproteins in mice.Nutrition & diabetes · 2014Article
- Blood pressure levels and stroke: J-curve phenomenon?Current hypertension reports · 2013Review
- Biochemistry of adipose tissue: an endocrine organ.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2013Article
- Metabolic syndrome prevalence according to ATP III and IDF criteria and related factors in Turkish adults.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2013Article
- Influence of metabolic syndrome superposition on familial combined hyperlipoproteinemia cardiovascular complication rate.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2013Article
- First report on body image and weight control in a nationally representative sample of a pediatric population in the Middle East and North Africa: the CASPIAN-III study.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2013Article
- Highlights of mechanistic and therapeutic cachexia and sarcopenia research 2010 to 2012 and their relevance for cardiology.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2013Review
- Relationship Between Added Sugar Intake and Sleep Quality Among University Students: A Cross-sectional Study.American journal of lifestyle medicineArticle
- Does combination therapy with statins and fibrates prevent cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients with atherogenic mixed dyslipidemia?The review of diabetic studies : RDSReview
- The Evidence for Saturated Fat and for Sugar Related to Coronary Heart Disease.Progress in cardiovascular diseasesReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is manifested by a lipid triad which includes elevated serum triglycerides, small LDL particles, and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, by central obesity (central adiposity), insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and elevated blood pressure, and it is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease. We have developed a new hypothesis regarding MetS as a consequence of a high intake in carbohydrates and food with a high glycemic index, particularly fructose, and relatively low intake of cholesterol and saturated fat. We support our arguments through animal studies which have shown that exposure of the liver to increased quantities of fructose leads to rapid stimulation of lipogenesis and accumulation of triglycerides. The adipocytes store triglycerides in lipid droplets, leading to adipocyte hypertrophy. Adipocyte hypertrophy is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue. An important modulator of obesity-associated macrophage responses in white adipose tissue is the death of adipocytes. Excess exposure to fructose intake determines the liver to metabolize high doses of fructose, producing increased levels of fructose end products, like glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone phosphate, that can converge with the glycolytic pathway. Fructose also leads to increased levels of advanced glycation end products. The macrophages exposed to advanced glycation end products become dysfunctional and, on entry into the artery wall, contribute to plaque formation and thrombosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.