ArticlePLoS medicine2012
Adult mortality attributable to preventable risk factors for non-communicable diseases and injuries in Japan: a comparative risk assessment.
Article in PLoS medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 123 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
123 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 243 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension 2025 (JSH2025).Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Guideline
- The Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension (JSH 2019).Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2019Guideline
- Cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes mortality burden of cardiometabolic risk factors from 1980 to 2010: a comparative risk assessment.The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology · 2014Pooled it
- Clinical Efficacy of Telemedicine Compared to Face-to-Face Clinic Visits for Smoking Cessation: Multicenter Open-Label Randomized Controlled Noninferiority Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2019Trial
- Self-management of salt intake: clinical significance of urinary salt excretion estimated using a self-monitoring device.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2016Trial
- Blood pressure status, JSH 2019-based control rate, and associated factors among community-dwelling adults: The NOSE study.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the nutrient content of dishes by the dish-version nutrient profile model in Japanese adults: the NHNS 2019.BMC nutrition · 2026Article
- Evaluating the diet quality of elderly Japanese using the Healthy Eating Index-2020.Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Enhancing the long-term abstinence rate of smoking through telemedicine: A multicenter, retrospective cohort study in Japan.PloS one · 2026Article
- Smoking as an independent predictor of long term care certification: The Yamagata cohort study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- Association between toothbrushing habits and hypertension in the general population.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of a Digital Peer-Supported App Intervention in Promoting Smoking Cessations: Nonrandomized Controlled Trial.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2025Article
- Association of Heavy Smoking With High Body Mass Index and Cardiovascular Risk Score in Japan.Obesity science & practice · 2025Article
- Review
- Identifying predictors and assessing causal effect on hypertension risk among adults using Double Machine Learning models: Insights from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: A retrospective cohort study.PLoS medicine · 2025 · on this mapArticle
- A novel mechanism by which excessive fructose intake leads to hypertension.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2025Article
- Evidence for exercise therapies including isometric handgrip training for hypertensive patients.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2025Article
- Examining the factor structure of the Physical Literacy for Life self-assessment tool (PL4L) among Japanese adults and its relationship with the stages of change model for participation in regular physical activity.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
63 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe population of Japan has achieved the longest life expectancy in the world. To further improve population health, consistent and comparative evidence on mortality attributable to preventable risk factors is necessary for setting priorities for health policies and programs. Although several past studies have quantified the impact of individual risk factors in Japan, to our knowledge no study has assessed and compared the effects of multiple modifiable risk factors for non-communicable diseases and injuries using a standard framework. We estimated the effects of 16 risk factors on cause-specific deaths and life expectancy in Japan. METHODS AND
findingsWe obtained data on risk factor exposures from the National Health and Nutrition Survey and epidemiological studies, data on the number of cause-specific deaths from vital records adjusted for ill-defined codes, and data on relative risks from epidemiological studies and meta-analyses. We applied a comparative risk assessment framework to estimate effects of excess risks on deaths and life expectancy at age 40 y. In 2007, tobacco smoking and high blood pressure accounted for 129,000 deaths (95% CI: 115,000-154,000) and 104,000 deaths (95% CI: 86,000-119,000), respectively, followed by physical inactivity (52,000 deaths, 95% CI: 47,000-58,000), high blood glucose (34,000 deaths, 95% CI: 26,000-43,000), high dietary salt intake (34,000 deaths, 95% CI: 27,000-39,000), and alcohol use (31,000 deaths, 95% CI: 28,000-35,000). In recent decades, cancer mortality attributable to tobacco smoking has increased in the elderly, while stroke mortality attributable to high blood pressure has declined. Life expectancy at age 40 y in 2007 would have been extended by 1.4 y for both sexes (men, 95% CI: 1.3-1.6; women, 95% CI: 1.2-1.7) if exposures to multiple cardiovascular risk factors had been reduced to their optimal levels as determined by a theoretical-minimum-risk exposure distribution.
conclusionsTobacco smoking and high blood pressure are the two major risk factors for adult mortality from non-communicable diseases and injuries in Japan. There is a large potential population health gain if multiple risk factors are jointly controlled.
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