Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22290878›Full record

ReviewAngewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)2012

Enhancing protein backbone binding--a fruitful concept for combating drug-resistant HIV.

Arun K Ghosh, David D Anderson, Irene T Weber, Hiroaki Mitsuya

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
69citing papers in PubMed
6.4field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

69 citing papers in PubMed, 149 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Recent Advances in Heterocyclic HIV Protease Inhibitors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. The Pseudo-SymmetricBiomolecules · 2021
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Review

9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Arun K GhoshDepartment of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. akghosh@purdue.edu
David D Anderson
Irene T Weber
Hiroaki Mitsuya
Purdue University West Lafayette · USGeorgia State University · USKumamoto University · JP

Funding

Development of Antiviral Therapy of HIV-1 InfectionZIASC006738 · NCI · DIVISION OF CLINICAL SCIENCES - NCI · PI MITSUYA, HIROAKI · 2009 to 2025
$10.0M
Design & Synthesis of Nonpeptide Protease InhibitorsR37GM053386 · NIGMS · PURDUE UNIVERSITY · PI GHOSH, ARUN K · 2011 to 2018
$3.9M
DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS OF NONPEPTIDE PROTEASE INHIBITORSR01GM053386 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO · PI GHOSH, ARUN K · 1995 to 2010
$3.7M
ACTIVITY OF RESISTANT VARIANTS OF HIV PROTEASER01GM062920 · NIGMS · GEORGIA STATE UNIVERSITY · PI WEBER, IRENE T · 2000 to 2012
$3.3M
Study of HIV Protease Dimerization (PD) and Identification of PD InhibitorsZIABC011105 · NCI · DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI · PI MITSUYA, HIROAKI · 2009 to 2017
$1.6M
NIGMS NIH HHS GM53386NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM053386NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM062920NIGMS NIH HHS R37 GM053386
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The evolution of drug resistance is one of the most fundamental problems in medicine. In HIV/AIDS, the rapid emergence of drug-resistant HIV-1 variants is a major obstacle to current treatments. HIV-1 protease inhibitors are essential components of present antiretroviral therapies. However, with these protease inhibitors, resistance occurs through viral mutations that alter inhibitor binding, resulting in a loss of efficacy. This loss of potency has raised serious questions with regard to effective long-term antiretroviral therapy for HIV/AIDS. In this context, our research has focused on designing inhibitors that form extensive hydrogen-bonding interactions with the enzyme's backbone in the active site. In doing so, we limit the protease's ability to acquire drug resistance as the geometry of the catalytic site must be conserved to maintain functionality. In this Review, we examine the underlying principles of enzyme structure that support our backbone-binding concept as an effective means to combat drug resistance and highlight their application in our recent work on antiviral HIV-1 protease inhibitors.

Indexed as

Drug Resistance, ViralHIV-1HIV InfectionsHIV Protease InhibitorsHumansProtein BindingHIV Protease Inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID22290878
PMCPMC7159617
OpenAlexW2115405122

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.