ReviewThe Journal of physiology2012
Muscle protein synthesis in response to nutrition and exercise.
Review in The Journal of physiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06567665 (Leucine Supplementation Strategies to Enhance Muscle Anabolic Responses in Older Age), which is not on this map. Cited by 188 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Leucine Supplementation Strategies to Enhance Muscle Anabolic Responses in Older Age
Who cites it
188 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 376 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of supplemental protein in older people: an overview of meta-analyses.Age and ageing · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of Soy Protein Supplementation on Muscle Adaptations, Metabolic and Antioxidant Status, Hormonal Response, and Exercise Performance of Active Individuals and Athletes: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Pooled it
- The Effects of Dietary Protein Supplementation on Acute Changes in Muscle Protein Synthesis and Longer-Term Changes in Muscle Mass, Strength, and Aerobic Capacity in Response to Concurrent Resistance and Endurance Exercise in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of protein intake to support muscle mass and function in healthy adults.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2022Pooled it
- Guideline
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Benefits of interventions for respiratory secretion management in adult palliative care patients-a systematic review.BMC palliative care · 2016Pooled it
- Trial
- Investigating the Digestibility, Bioavailability and Utilization of Protein Blends in Older Adults Using a Dual Stable Isotope Tracer Technique.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- Gastric Digestion and Changes in Serum Amino Acid Concentrations after Consumption of Casein from Cow and Goat Milk: A Randomized Crossover Trial in Healthy Males.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Trial
- The effect of fish oil supplementation on resistance training-induced adaptations.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2023Trial
- Trial
- The Effect of Fava Bean (Nutrients · 2022Trial
- miR-19b-3p is associated with a diametric response to resistance exercise in older adults and regulates skeletal muscle anabolism via PTEN inhibition.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2021Trial
- A collagen hydrolysate/milk protein-blend stimulates muscle anabolism equivalently to an isoenergetic milk protein-blend containing a greater quantity of essential amino acids in older men.Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2021Trial
- Effect of carbohydrate-protein supplementation on endurance training adaptations.European journal of applied physiology · 2020Trial
- Effects of intradialytic resistance exercise on systemic inflammation in maintenance hemodialysis patients with sarcopenia: a randomized controlled trial.International urology and nephrology · 2019Trial
- Human skeletal muscle is refractory to the anabolic effects of leucine during the postprandial muscle-full period in older men.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2017Trial
- Synchronous deficits in cumulative muscle protein synthesis and ribosomal biogenesis underlie age-related anabolic resistance to exercise in humans.The Journal of physiology · 2016Trial
128 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Muscle protein synthesis (MPS) is the driving force behind adaptive responses to exercise and represents a widely adopted proxy for gauging chronic efficacy of acute interventions, (i.e. exercise/nutrition). Recent findings in this arena have been progressive. Nutrient-driven increases in MPS are of finite duration (∼1.5 h), switching off thereafter despite sustained amino acid availability and intramuscular anabolic signalling. Intriguingly, this 'muscle-full set-point' is delayed by resistance exercise (RE) (i.e. the feeding × exercise combination is 'more anabolic' than nutrition alone) even 24 h beyond a single exercise bout, casting doubt on the importance of nutrient timing vs. sufficiency per se. Studies manipulating exercise intensity/workload have shown that increases in MPS are negligible with RE at 20-40% but maximal at 70-90% of one-repetition maximum when workload is matched (according to load × repetition number). However, low-intensity exercise performed to failure equalises this response. Analysing distinct subcellular fractions (e.g. myofibrillar, sarcoplasmic, mitochondrial) may provide a readout of chronic exercise efficacy in addition to effect size in MPS per se, i.e. while 'mixed' MPS increases similarly with endurance and RE, increases in myofibrillar MPS are specific to RE, prophetic of adaptation (i.e. hypertrophy). Finally, the molecular regulation of MPS by exercise and its regulation via 'anabolic' hormones (e.g. IGF-1) has been questioned, leading to discovery of alternative mechanosensing-signalling to MPS.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.