Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22289511›Full record

ReviewVaccine2012

The unmet need in the elderly: how immunosenescence, CMV infection, co-morbidities and frailty are a challenge for the development of more effective influenza vaccines.

Janet E McElhaney, Xin Zhou, H Keipp Talbot, Ernst Soethout, R Chris Bleackley, David J Granville, Graham Pawelec

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Vaccine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 125 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
125citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
16.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

125 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 226 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. [High-dose trivalent influenza vaccine: safety and immunogenicity].Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2021
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65 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.

Janet E McElhaneyVancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. janet.mcelhaney@ubc.ca
Xin Zhou
H Keipp Talbot
Ernst Soethout
R Chris Bleackley
David J Granville
Graham Pawelec
University of British Columbia · CANational Institute for Public Health and the Environment · NLUniversity of Connecticut · USUniversity of Tübingen · DEVanderbilt University Medical Center · US

Funding

T-Cell Responses Predict Influenza Risk in Older AdultsR01AI068265 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT SCH OF MED/DNT · PI MCELHANEY, JANET E. · 2005 to 2010
$2.3M
Adjuvants and Virosomal Vaccines for the ElderlyU01AI074449 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA · PI MCELHANEY, JANET E. · 2007 to 2011
$1.3M
CIHR FRN-89729NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI068265NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI68265NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI074449
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Influenza remains the single most important cause of excess disability and mortality during the winter months. In spite of widespread influenza vaccination programs leading to demonstrated cost-savings in the over 65 population, hospitalization and death rates for acute respiratory illnesses continue to rise. As a person ages, increased serum levels of inflammatory cytokines are commonly recorded (TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6). Termed "inflammaging", this has been linked to persistent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and immune senescence, while increased anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β) are possibly associated with more healthy aging. Paradoxically, a shift with aging toward an anti-inflammatory (IL-10) response and decline in the IFN-γ:IL-10 ratio in influenza-challenged peripheral blood mononuclear cells is associated with a decline in the cytolytic capacity of CD8+ T cells responsible for clearing influenza virus from infected lung tissue. Thus, it is seemingly counter intuitive that the immune phenotype of healthy aging predicts a poor cell-mediated immune response and more serious outcomes of influenza. Herein we postulate a mechanistic link between the accumulation of late-stage, potentially terminally differentiated T cells, many or most of which result from CMV infection, and the immunopathogenesis of influenza infection, mediated by granzyme B in older adults. Further, adjuvanted influenza vaccines that stimulate inflammatory cytokines and suppress the IL-10 response to influenza challenge, would be expected to enhance protection in the 65+ population.

Indexed as

AgedAgingCytokinesCytomegalovirus InfectionsHumansInfluenza, HumanInfluenza VaccinesT-LymphocytesCytokinesInfluenza Vaccines

Identifiers

PMID22289511
PMCPMC3345132
OpenAlexW1969709506

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.