ArticleThe British journal of ophthalmology2012
A shift in the balance of vascular endothelial growth factor and connective tissue growth factor by bevacizumab causes the angiofibrotic switch in proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Article in The British journal of ophthalmology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 141 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antivascular endothelial growth factor agents pretreatment before vitrectomy for complicated proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2018Pooled it
- The efficacy and safety of intravitreal injection of Ranibizumab as pre-treatment for vitrectomy in proliferative diabetic retinopathy with vitreous hemorrhage.BMC ophthalmology · 2022Trial
- Associations of Variation in Retinal Thickness With Visual Acuity and Anatomic Outcomes in Eyes With Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Lesions Treated With Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Agents.JAMA ophthalmology · 2020Trial
- Ranibizumab pretreatment in diabetic vitrectomy: a pilot randomised controlled trial (the RaDiVit study).Eye (London, England) · 2017Trial
- Risk of scar in the comparison of age-related macular degeneration treatments trials.Ophthalmology · 2014Trial
- Angiofibrotic response to vascular endothelial growth factor inhibition in diabetic retinal detachment: report no. 1.Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) · 2012Trial
- Stage-dependent signaling networks and therapeutic strategies in diabetic retinopathy: from neurovascular dysfunction to angiogenesis and fibrosis.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- A literature review of macular holes in age-related macular degeneration: insights into the pathogenesis, prognosis and surgical outcomes.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Review
- RPE With ROCK-Mediated Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition as a Key Contributor of Subretinal Fibrosis in AMD.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Signals of Drug-Related Retinal Fibrosis: Findings From a 20-Year Disproportionality Analysis of Global Spontaneous Reports.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor and connective tissue growth factor levels and risk factors associated with vitreous hemorrhage in proliferative diabetic retinopathy after pan-retinal laser photocoagulation: a cross-sectional study.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2026Article
- Posterior Vitreous Detachment Determines the Clinical Impact of Fibrovascular Membrane Fibrosis After Anti-VEGF Treatment in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: A Real-World Study.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Associations Between Baseline Biomarkers and Functional Outcomes in Patients With Diabetic Macular Edema After Anti-VEGF Treatment.Journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Management of fibrosis in neovascular age-related macular degeneration.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Review
- Integration of cAMP and TRPV4 Signaling to Optimize Collagen Remodeling for Management of Fibrosis.Cells · 2025Review
- Mapping Macrophage Diversity in Coats' Disease: A Lipid-Associated Subset in the Pathogenesis of Exudative Retinopathy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Efficacy of Subconjunctivally Applied Everolimus- and Sirolimus-Pretreated MSCs in Preventing Diabetic Retinopathy.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- PRL3-zumab as an anti-angiogenic therapy in neovascular eye diseases.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Visual and anatomical outcomes of primary retinectomy for diabetic tractional retinal detachment.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Fibronectin Mediates Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Retina Angiogenesis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionIn proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) may cause blindness by neovascularisation followed by fibrosis of the retina. It has previously been shown that a shift in the balance between levels of CTGF and VEGF in the eye is associated with this angiofibrotic switch. This study investigated whether anti-VEGF agents induce accelerated fibrosis in patients with PDR, as predicted by this model.
methodsCTGF and VEGF levels were measured by ELISA in 52 vitreous samples of PDR patients, of which 24 patients had received intravitreal bevacizumab 1 week to 3 months before vitrectomy, and were correlated with the degree of vitreoretinal fibrosis as determined clinically and intra-operatively.
resultsCTGF correlated positively, and VEGF correlated negatively with the degree of fibrosis. The CTGF/VEGF ratio was the strongest predictor of fibrosis. Clinically, increased fibrosis was observed after intravitreal bevacizumab.
conclusionsThese results confirm that the CTGF/VEGF ratio is a strong predictor of vitreoretinal fibrosis in PDR, and show that intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment causes increased fibrosis in PDR patients. These findings provide strong support for the model that the balance of CTGF and VEGF determines the angiofibrotic switch, and identify CTGF as a possible therapeutic target in the clinical management of PDR.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.