ArticleClinical and experimental immunology2012
Bronchoalveolar lavage cell pattern from healthy human lung.
Article in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Which sample type is better for Xpert MTB/RIF to diagnose adult and pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis?Bioscience reports · 2020Pooled it
- Early mucosal responses following a randomised controlled human inhaled infection with attenuated Mycobacterium bovis BCG.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Compartmental immunophenotyping in COVID-19 ARDS: A case series.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2021Trial
- Safety of research bronchoscopy with BAL in stable adult patients with cystic fibrosis.PloS one · 2021Trial
- RNA-Loaded Nanoparticles for Targeted Lung Delivery.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Integrated multi-sample transcriptomic analysis of COVID-19 patients against controls using a bioinformatics pipeline.Scientific reports · 2025Article
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- Bronchoscopy Without Sedation in Healthy Volunteers: A Viable Approach for Research.CHEST pulmonary · 2024Article
- The deadly dance of alveolar macrophages and influenza virus.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2024Review
- The Omega-6 Lipid pathway shift is associated with neutrophil influx and structural lung damage in early cystic fibrosis lung disease.Clinical & translational immunology · 2024Article
- Unveiling the Diagnostic Potential: A Comprehensive Review of Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Interstitial Lung Disease.Cureus · 2024Review
- 4,4'-Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate exposure induces expression of alternatively activated macrophage-associated markers and chemokines partially through Krüppel-like factor 4 mediated signaling in macrophages.Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems · 2023Article
- Cytokine release syndrome after bronchoalveolar lavage.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2023Article
- They shall not grow mold: Soldiers of innate and adaptive immunity to fungi.Seminars in immunology · 2023Review
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- Immune cell interactions in tuberculosis.Cell · 2022Review
- Prognostic Implication of Exfoliative Airway Pathology in Cancer-Free Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
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- Immune cell composition of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in healthy and respiratory diseased dromedary camels.BMC veterinary research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is widely accepted as a key diagnostic procedure in interstitial lung diseases (ILD). We performed a study to obtain reference intervals of differential cell patterns in BAL fluid with special attention to the origin of lavage fluid, e.g. bronchial/alveolar, to atopy and smoking status and to age of the healthy people. We performed bronchoalveolar lavage in 55 healthy subjects with known atopy status (age: 18-64 years, non-smokers/smokers: 34/21) and determined differential cell counts and lymphocyte subsets in BAL fluid and blood. Moreover, in a subgroup of non-smoking healthy individuals we measured the expression of the regulatory T cell marker forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3) on blood and BAL fluid lymphocytes in addition to a comprehensive set of activation markers. Differential cell counts from the alveolar lavage fraction differed significantly from calculated pooled fractions (n = 11). In contrast, marginal differences were found between atopic and non-atopic subjects. Interestingly, the BAL fluid CD4(+) /CD8(+) ratio correlated strongly with age (r(2) = 0·50, P < 0·0001). We consider the bronchial and alveolar fraction to be lavage fluid from fundamentally different compartments and recommend analysis of the alveolar fraction in diagnostic work-up of ILD. In addition, our data suggest that age corrected BAL fluid CD4(+) /CD8(+) ratios should be used in the clinical evaluation of patients with interstitial lung diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.