ArticleClinical and experimental immunology2012
Multifunctional CD4⁺ T cells in patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Article in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Role of Cytokines in Experimental and Human Visceral Leishmaniasis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Design of multi-epitope peptides containing HLA class-I and class-II-restricted epitopes derived from immunogenic Leishmania proteins, and evaluation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses induced in cured cutaneous leishmaniasis subjects.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Article
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- PD-L1 May Mediate T-Cell Exhaustion in a Case of Early Diffuse Leishmaniasis Caused byFrontiers in immunology · 2018Article
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- American tegumentary leishmaniasis: T-cell differentiation profile of cutaneous and mucosal forms-co-infection with Trypanosoma cruzi.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2016Article
- Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Vaccination: A Matter of Quality.Frontiers in immunology · 2016Review
- Polyfunctional Specific Response to Echinococcus Granulosus Associates to the Biological Activity of the Cysts.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2015Article
- The Immunology of a Healing Response in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Treated with Localized Heat or Systemic Antimonial Therapy.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2015Article
- Insulin-like growth factor-I induces arginase activity in Leishmania amazonensis amastigote-infected macrophages through a cytokine-independent mechanism.Mediators of inflammation · 2014Article
- Attenuated and replication-competent vaccinia virus strains M65 and M101 with distinct biology and immunogenicity as potential vaccine candidates against pathogens.Journal of virology · 2013Article
- Targeting Leishmania major Antigens to Dendritic Cells In Vivo Induces Protective Immunity.PloS one · 2013Article
- Interferon gamma in leishmaniasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2013Article
- Immunopathogenesis of non-healing American cutaneous leishmaniasis and progressive visceral leishmaniasis.Seminars in immunopathology · 2012Review
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- Vaccine Development Against Leishmania donovani.Frontiers in immunology · 2012Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a group of important parasitic diseases affecting millions worldwide. To understand more clearly the quality of T helper type 1 (Th1) response stimulated after Leishmania infection, we applied a multiparametric flow cytometry protocol to evaluate multifunctional T cells induced by crude antigen extracts obtained from promastigotes of Leishmania braziliensis (LbAg) and Leishmania amazonensis (LaAg) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healed cutaneous leishmaniasis patients. Although no significant difference was detected in the percentage of total interferon (IFN)-γ-producing CD4(+) T cells induced by both antigens, multiparametric flow cytometry analysis revealed clear differences in the quality of Th1 responses. LbAg induced an important proportion of multifunctional CD4(+) T cells (28% of the total Th1 response evaluated), whereas LaAg induced predominantly single-positive cells (68%), and 57% of those were IFN-γ single-positives. Multifunctional CD4(+) T cells showed the highest mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) for the three Th1 cytokines assessed and MFIs for IFN-γ and interleukin-2 from those cells stimulated with LbAg were significantly higher than those obtained after LaAg stimulation. These major differences observed in the generation of multifunctional CD4(+) T cells suggest that the quality of the Th1 response induced by L. amazonensis antigens can be involved in the mechanisms responsible for the high susceptibility observed in L. amazonensis-infected individuals. Ultimately, our results call attention to the importance of studying a Th1 response regarding its quality, not just its magnitude, and indicate that this kind of evaluation might help understanding of the complex and diverse immunopathogenesis of American tegumentary leishmaniasis.
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