ArticleRNA (New York, N.Y.)2012
The 5' UTR of HIV-1 full-length mRNA and the Tat viral protein modulate the programmed -1 ribosomal frameshift that generates HIV-1 enzymes.
Article in RNA (New York, N.Y.), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guidelines for minimal reporting requirements, design and interpretation of experiments involving the use of eukaryotic dual gene expression reporters (MINDR).Nature structural & molecular biology · 2025Review
- HIV UTR, LTR, and Epigenetic Immunity.Viruses · 2022Review
- Putative Secondary Structure at 5'UTR as a Potential Antiviral Target against SARS-CoV-2.Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2022Article
- Cellular senescence limits translational readthrough.Biology open · 2021Article
- From Recoding to Peptides for MHC Class I Immune Display: Enriching Viral Expression, Virus Vulnerability and Virus Evasion.Viruses · 2021Review
- Regulators of Viral Frameshifting: More Than RNA Influences Translation Events.Annual review of virology · 2020Review
- Polysomes Bypass a 50-Nucleotide Coding Gap Less Efficiently Than Monosomes Due to Attenuation of a 5' mRNA Stem-Loop and Enhanced Drop-off.Journal of molecular biology · 2020Article
- An RNA pseudoknot stimulates HTLV-1RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2020Article
- Live-Cell Single RNA Imaging Reveals Bursts of Translational Frameshifting.Molecular cell · 2019Article
- Focus on Translation Initiation of the HIV-1 mRNAs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- Ribosomal frameshifting and transcriptional slippage: From genetic steganography and cryptography to adventitious use.Nucleic acids research · 2016Review
- Stability of HIV Frameshift Site RNA Correlates with Frameshift Efficiency and Decreased Virus Infectivity.Journal of virology · 2016Article
- Article
- In silico discovery and modeling of non-coding RNA structure in viruses.Methods (San Diego, Calif.) · 2015Review
- Translational Control of the HIV Unspliced Genomic RNA.Viruses · 2015Review
- Changed in translation: mRNA recoding by -1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting.Trends in biochemical sciences · 2015Review
- Review
- The highly conserved codon following the slippery sequence supports -1 frameshift efficiency at the HIV-1 frameshift site.PloS one · 2015Article
- Article
- The PKR activator, PACT, becomes a PKR inhibitor during HIV-1 replication.Retrovirology · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Translation of the full-length messenger RNA (mRNA) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) generates the precursor of the viral enzymes via a programmed -1 ribosomal frameshift. Here, using dual-luciferase reporters, we investigated whether the highly structured 5' untranslated region (UTR) of this mRNA, which interferes with translation initiation, can modulate HIV-1 frameshift efficiency. We showed that, when the 5' UTR of HIV-1 mRNA occupies the 5' end of the reporter mRNA, HIV-1 frameshift efficiency is increased about fourfold in Jurkat T-cells, compared with a control dual-luciferase reporter with a short unstructured 5' UTR. This increase was related to an interference with cap-dependent translation initiation by the TAR-Poly(A) region at the 5' end of the messenger. HIV-1 mRNA 5' UTR also contains an internal ribosome entry site (IRES), but we showed that, when the cap-dependent initiation mode is available, the IRES is not used or is weakly used. However, when the ribosomes have to use the IRES to translate the dual-luciferase reporter, the frameshift efficiency is comparable to that of the control dual-luciferase reporter. The decrease in cap-dependent initiation and the accompanying increase in frameshift efficiency caused by the 5' UTR of HIV-1 mRNA is antagonized, in a dose-dependent way, by the Tat viral protein. Tat also stimulates the IRES-dependent initiation and decreases the corresponding frameshift efficiency. A model is presented that accounts for the variations in frameshift efficiency depending on the 5' UTR and the presence of Tat, and it is proposed that a range of frameshift efficiencies is compatible with the virus replication.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.