ArticleNature medicine2012
MicroRNA-21 targets the vitamin D-dependent antimicrobial pathway in leprosy.
Article in Nature medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 121 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
121 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 209 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors associated with the development of leprosy in Brazilian contacts: a systematic review.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2022Pooled it
- miRNome Expression Analysis Reveals New Players on Leprosy Immune Physiopathology.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Trial
- All-trans retinoic acid-triggered antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is dependent on NPC2.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2014Trial
- Review
- miR-889-3p targets SLC35E1 in leprosy: Implications for therapeutic monitoring.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Prolactin and 17β-Estradiol Are Epigenetic Regulators That Modify the Effector Response of Bovine Macrophages DuringMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Fighting the invader: strategies against intracellular bacteria.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Identification and assessment of hub genes and miRNAs coregulatory associated with immune infiltrations and drug interactions in latent tuberculosis based on MicroarrayData analysis, molecular docking, and dynamic simulation.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Article
- Recent advances in the development and clinical application of miRNAs in infectious diseases.Non-coding RNA research · 2025Review
- Unlocking the Potential of Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Disease.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Leprosy in the 21st century: a comprehensive review of immunological mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2025Review
- To Evaluate the Effect of Vitamin D on MicroRNAs in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Rat; An Animal Study : Effect of Vit-D on micro-RNAs in PCOS Rats.Galen medical journal · 2025Article
- MicroRNAs: exploring their role in farm animal disease and mycotoxin challenges.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Review
- Leprosy: treatment, prevention, immune response and gene function.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Altered Expression of Vitamin D Metabolism Genes and Circulating MicroRNAs in PBMCs of Patients with Type 1 Diabetes: Their Association with Vitamin D Status and Ongoing Islet Autoimmunity.Non-coding RNA · 2023Article
- Review
- Differential Expression of miR-146 and miR-155 in Active and Latent Tuberculosis Infection.Iranian journal of public health · 2023Article
- Article
- ncRNAs: an unexplored cellular defense mechanism in leprosy.Frontiers in genetics · 2023Review
- Vitamin D inhibits osteosarcoma by reprogramming nonsense-mediated RNA decay and SNAI2-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
61 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Leprosy provides a model to investigate mechanisms of immune regulation in humans, given that the disease forms a spectrum of clinical presentations that correlate with host immune responses. Here we identified 13 miRNAs that were differentially expressed in the lesions of subjects with progressive lepromatous (L-lep) versus the self-limited tuberculoid (T-lep) disease. Bioinformatic analysis revealed a significant enrichment of L-lep-specific miRNAs that preferentially target key immune genes downregulated in L-lep versus T-lep lesions. The most differentially expressed miRNA in L-lep lesions, hsa-mir-21, was upregulated in Mycobacterium leprae-infected monocytes. By directly downregulating Toll-like receptor 2/1 heterodimer (TLR2/1)-induced CYP27B1 and IL1B expression as well as indirectly upregulating interleukin-10 (IL-10), hsa-mir-21 inhibited expression of the genes encoding two vitamin D-dependent antimicrobial peptides, CAMP and DEFB4A. Conversely, knockdown of hsa-mir-21 in M. leprae-infected monocytes enhanced expression of CAMP and DEFB4A and restored TLR2/1-mediated antimicrobial activity against M. leprae. Therefore, the ability of M. leprae to upregulate hsa-mir-21 targets multiple genes associated with the immunologically localized disease form, providing an effective mechanism to escape from the vitamin D-dependent antimicrobial pathway.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.