ReviewExperimental neurology2013
Axonal pathology in traumatic brain injury.
Review in Experimental neurology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05786729 (Effects of Aerobic Exercise and Rehabilitation After Traumatic Brain Injury), which is not on this map. Cited by 657 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Aerobic Exercise and Rehabilitation After Traumatic Brain Injury
Who cites it
657 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Risk of psychosis following mild traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2025Pooled it
- Bibliometric analysis of cognitive dysfunction after traumatic brain injury.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of L-oxiracetam on cognitive function in patients with traumatic brain injury: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, phase 3 clinical trial.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Trial
- Clinical Soma and Neurite Density Imaging (SANDI): Translational Microstructure Mapping on Clinical 3T MRI Scanners.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2026Article
- Recovery from disorders of consciousness: Lesions and GABAergic modulation in a biologically inspired spiking neural network.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Translational benchmarking of 3D in vitro models of traumatic brain injury.Trends in biotechnology · 2026Review
- Neuroplasticity after traumatic brain injury: mechanisms and clinical implications.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Review
- Sexual Dysregulation After Traumatic Brain Injury and Stroke: A Critical Narrative Review of Neurobiology, Clinical Phenotypes, and Management.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Mechanical deformation explains distinct neuroimaging patterns and etiologies in brain trauma.NeuroImage · 2026Article
- The damaged connectome: Mechanisms and consequences of brain network reorganization following neurotrauma.Neuroimage. Reports · 2026Review
- Calcium-Dependent Cytoskeletal Collapse and Recovery of Axons After Partial Laser Ablation.Journal of neurochemistry · 2026Article
- Prognostic Value of MRI Anatomical Radiologic Scores for One-Year Neurological Outcome After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.Neurocritical care · 2026Observational
- Transdiagnostic MRI-derived Features of Psychopathology Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review.Neuropsychology review · 2026Review
- Peripheral macrophages and T-cells accumulate in the degenerating optic tract after repetitive head impact.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- PIGMENT: A deep learning framework for Porcine Immunohistochemistry seGMENTation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Focused ultrasound-induced cavitation in a human brain microphysiological system produces injury signaling biomarkers consistent with blast trauma.npj biomedical innovations · 2026Article
- Ex vivo engineering of neural tissue structure and growth using sequential 2D and 3D solid scaffolds.In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal · 2026Article
- Axon Diameter Mapping From Myelin Water Diffusion MRI.IEEE transactions on medical imaging · 2026Article
- Research progress on biomarkers of traumatic brain injury.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Review
597 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Over the past 70years, diffuse axonal injury (DAI) has emerged as one of the most common and important pathological features of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Axons in the white matter appear to be especially vulnerable to injury due to the mechanical loading of the brain during TBI. As such, DAI has been found in all severities of TBI and may represent a key pathologic substrate of mild TBI (concussion). Pathologically, DAI encompasses a spectrum of abnormalities from primary mechanical breaking of the axonal cytoskeleton, to transport interruption, swelling and proteolysis, through secondary physiological changes. Depending on the severity and extent of injury, these changes can manifest acutely as immediate loss of consciousness or confusion and persist as coma and/or cognitive dysfunction. In addition, recent evidence suggests that TBI may induce long-term neurodegenerative processes, such as insidiously progressive axonal pathology. Indeed, axonal degeneration has been found to continue even years after injury in humans, and appears to play a role in the development of Alzheimer's disease-like pathological changes. Here we review the current understanding of DAI as a uniquely mechanical injury, its histopathological identification, and its acute and chronic pathogenesis following TBI.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.