Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22285251›Full record

ReviewExperimental neurology2013

Intrinsic axonal degeneration pathways are critical for glaucomatous damage.

Gareth R Howell, Ileana Soto, Richard T Libby, Simon W M John

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Experimental neurology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
73citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.6field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

73 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 106 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Neuroinflammation in glaucoma: a myriad of cellular pathways and players.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. The role of RGC degeneration in the pathogenesis of glaucoma.International journal of biological sciences · 2025
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. NADAntioxidants & redox signaling · 2023
    Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Astrocyte Immune Functions and Glaucoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023
    Review

13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Gareth R HowellThe Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA. gareth.howell@jax.org
Ileana Soto
Richard T Libby
Simon W M John
Howard Hughes Medical Institute · USJackson Laboratory · USTufts University · USUniversity of Rochester · US

Funding

Factors Determining Intraocular Pressure and Glaucoma SusceptibilityR01EY011721 · NEI · JACKSON LABORATORY · PI JOHN, SIMON W · 2002 to 2018
$12.4M
Cell Death Pathways in Glaucomatous NeurodegenerationR01EY018606 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER · PI JOHN, SIMON W, LIBBY, RICHARD T · 2008 to 2023
$5.8M
Investigating Cell Specific Roles of the Complement Cascade in GlaucomaR01EY021525 · NEI · JACKSON LABORATORY · PI HOWELL, GARETH R · 2012 to 2016
$2.5M
FACTORS DETERMINING INTRAOCULAR PRESSURER29EY011721 · NEI · JACKSON LABORATORY · PI JOHN, SIMON W · 1997 to 2001
$227k
Howard Hughes Medical InstituteNEI NIH HHS EY011721NEI NIH HHS EY018606NEI NIH HHS R01 EY011721NEI NIH HHS R01 EY018606NEI NIH HHS R01 EY021525NEI NIH HHS R29 EY011721
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease affecting 70million people worldwide. For some time, analysis of human glaucoma and animal models suggested that RGC axonal injury in the optic nerve head (where RGC axons exit the eye) is an important early event in glaucomatous neurodegeneration. During the last decade advances in molecular biology and genome manipulation have allowed this hypothesis to be tested more critically, at least in animal models. Data indicate that RGC axon degeneration precedes soma death. Preventing soma death using mouse models that are mutant for BAX, a proapoptotic gene, is not sufficient to prevent the degeneration of RGC axons. This indicates that different degeneration processes occur in different compartments of the RGC during glaucoma. Furthermore, the Wallerian degeneration slow allele (Wld(s)) slows or prevents RGC axon degeneration in rodent models of glaucoma. These experiments and many others, now strongly support the hypothesis that axon degeneration is a critical pathological event in glaucomatous neurodegeneration. However, the events that lead from a glaucomatous insult (e.g. elevated intraocular pressure) to axon damage in glaucoma are not well defined. For developing new therapies, it will be necessary to clearly define and order the molecular events that lead from glaucomatous insults to axon degeneration.

Indexed as

AnimalsAxonsGlaucomaHumansRetinal Ganglion CellsSignal TransductionWallerian DegenerationAstrocyteAxonBAXGlaucomaMicrogliaOptic nerveOptic nerve headRetinal ganglion cellWld(s)

Identifiers

PMID22285251
PMCPMC3831512
OpenAlexW2022370855

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.