Trial reportEuropean journal of applied physiology2012
Relationship between decreased swimming velocity and muscle activity during 200-m front crawl.
Trial report in European journal of applied physiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Underwater Surface Electromyography for the Evaluation of Muscle Activity during Front Crawl Swimming: A Systematic Review.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Muscle ion transporters and antioxidative proteins have different adaptive potential in arm than in leg skeletal muscle with exercise training.Physiological reports · 2017Trial
- Open Water Swimming: Swimmers' Kinematical and Neuromuscular Characterisation in 5 km Swim.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Arm Propulsion in Front Crawl Stroke.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Analysis of Kinematic and Muscular Fatigue in Long-Distance Swimmers.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Review
- Muscle Fatigue and Swimming Efficiency in Behind and Lateral Drafting.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Surface Electromyography Spectral Parameters for the Study of Muscle Fatigue in Swimming.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2021Article
- Analysis of fatigue in the three heads of the triceps brachii during isometric contractions at various effort levels.Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions · 2019Article
- Muscle Fatigue in the Three Heads of the Triceps Brachii During a Controlled Forceful Hand Grip Task with Full Elbow Extension Using Surface Electromyography.Journal of human kinetics · 2015Article
- Coordination pattern variability provides functional adaptations to constraints in swimming performance.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2014Review
- Neuromuscular fatigue during 200 m breaststroke.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aims of this study were (1) to evaluate changes in muscle activity associated with physiological fatigue and decreased swimming velocity (SV) during 200 m of front crawl swimming, and (2) to examine the relationship between the decreased SV and changes in kinematic or electromyogram parameters. Twenty swimmers participated in a 4 × 50-m swim test. The surface EMG of 11 muscles (7 in the upper limbs and 4 in the lower limbs) was measured and the mean amplitude value (MAV) for one stroke cycle was obtained. The SV and arm angular velocity (AAV) of shoulder flexion during the first (early stroke) and second (late stroke) half of the underwater arm stroke were analyzed using an underwater camera. The AAV, the MAV of flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU), biceps brachii (BB), and triceps brachii during the early stroke, and the MAV of rectus femoris decreased along with a decrease in SV. In contrast, the MAV of the pectoralis major (PM) increased significantly in the final 50 m. The rate of change in MAVs (ΔMAVs) of FCU, BB and latissimus dorsi during the early stroke, and ΔMAV of biceps femoris were significantly correlated with ΔSV and/or ΔAAV. Positive correlations were identified between ΔMAVs of several muscles. However, no negative correlations were observed between ΔMAVs. These results suggest that the decrease in SV was related to decreases in the activities of several muscles that coordinated with each other, and that a compensating strategy occurred between PM and other muscles in the final 50 m.
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Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.