Regulation of renin expression by the orphan nuclear receptors Nr2f2 and Nr2f6.

Understanding the transcriptional mechanisms of renin expression is key to understanding the regulation of the renin-angiotensin system. We previously identified the nuclear receptors RAR/RXR and Nr2f6 (EAR2) as positive and negative transcriptional regulators of renin expression, respectively (Liu X, Huang X, Sigmund CD. Circ Res 92: 1033-1040, 2003). Both mediate their effects through a hormone response element (HRE) within the renin enhancer. Here, we determined whether another nuclear receptor, Nr2f2 (Coup-TFII, Arp-1), identified in a screen of proteins that bind the HRE, also regulates renin expression. Luciferase assays indicate that Nr2f2 negatively regulates the renin promoter more potently than Nr2f6. Gel-shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) indicate that Nr2f2 and Nr2f6 can bind directly to the renin enhancer through the HRE. Surprisingly, baseline expression of endogenous renin was not effected when Nr2f2 was knocked down in As4.1 cells, whereas knockdown of Nr2f6 increased renin expression twofold. Interestingly, however, knockdown of Nr2f2 augmented the induction of renin expression caused by retinoic acid. These data indicate that both Nr2f6 and Nr2f2 can negatively regulate the renin promoter, under baseline conditions and in response to physiological queues, respectively. Therefore, Nr2f2 may require an initiating signal that results in a change at the chromatin level or activation of another transcription factor to exert its effects. We conclude that both Nr2f2 and Nr2f6 negatively regulate renin promoter activity, but may do so by divergent mechanisms.