Trial reportAnnals of neurology2012
Head injury, α-synuclein Rep1, and Parkinson's disease.
Trial report in Annals of neurology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- Analytical Frameworks and Outcome Measures in Economic Evaluations of Digital Health Interventions: A Methodological Systematic Review.Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making · 2023Pooled it
- Dual-Risk axis:Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2026Article
- Preventing Parkinson's disease in the context of movement disorders: a narrative review of current evidence and future directions.Neurological research and practice · 2026Review
- Lasting Impact: Exploring the Brain Mechanisms that Link Traumatic Brain Injury to Parkinson's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- History of Traumatic Brain Injury Does Not Influence Rate of Progression of Clinical or Pathological Outcomes in Two Early Parkinson's Disease Cohorts.European journal of neurology · 2025Observational
- The epidemiology of Parkinson's disease.Lancet (London, England) · 2024Review
- Pathophysiology and Neuroimmune Interactions Underlying Parkinson's Disease and Traumatic Brain Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Pesticides and the Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis: Convergent Pathways in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2023Review
- Effect Modification between Genes and Environment and Parkinson's Disease Risk.Annals of neurology · 2022Review
- The Role of Acrolein in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Its Protective Strategy.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Preventing Parkinson's Disease: An Environmental Agenda.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2022Review
- Prodromal Parkinson disease subtypes - key to understanding heterogeneity.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2021Review
- Diesel Exhaust Extract Exposure Induces Neuronal Toxicity by Disrupting Autophagy.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2020Article
- Traumatic brain injury preceding clinically diagnosed α-synucleinopathies: A case-control study.Neurology · 2020Article
- Understanding neurodegeneration after traumatic brain injury: from mechanisms to clinical trials in dementia.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2019Review
- Biomarkers of Parkinson's disease: 20 years later.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2019Review
- Acrolein-mediated alpha-synuclein pathology involvement in the early post-injury pathogenesis of mild blast-induced Parkinsonian neurodegeneration.Molecular and cellular neurosciences · 2019Article
- Novel therapies for combating chronic neuropathological sequelae of TBI.Neuropharmacology · 2019Review
- Mild TBI and risk of Parkinson disease: A Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium Study.Neurology · 2018Article
- Applying Systems Biology Methodology To Identify Genetic Factors Possibly Associated with Recovery after Traumatic Brain Injury.Journal of neurotrauma · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors at 10 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo test the hypothesis that variability in SNCA Rep1, a polymorphic dinucleotide microsatellite in the promoter region of the gene encoding α-synuclein, modifies the association between head injury and Parkinson's disease (PD) risk.
methodsParticipants in the Farming and Movement Evaluation (FAME) and the Study of Environmental Association and Risk of Parkinsonism using Case-Control Historical Interviews (SEARCH), 2 independent case-control studies, were genotyped for Rep1 and interviewed regarding head injuries with loss of consciousness or concussion prior to Parkinson's disease (PD) diagnosis. Logistic regression modeling adjusted for potential confounding variables and tested interaction between Rep1 genotype and head injury.
resultsConsistent with prior reports, relative to medium-length Rep1, short Rep1 genotype was associated with reduced PD risk (pooled odds ratio [OR], 0.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5-0.9), and long Rep1 with increased risk (pooled OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 0.95-2.2). Overall, head injury was not significantly associated with PD (pooled OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.9-1.8). However, head injury was strongly associated with PD in those with long Rep1 (FAME OR, 5.4; 95% CI, 1.5-19; SEARCH OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 0.6-9.2; pooled OR, 3.5; 95% CI 1.4-9.2, p-interaction = 0.02). Individuals with both head injury and long Rep1 were diagnosed 4.9 years earlier than those with neither risk factor (p = 0.03).
interpretationWhile head injury alone was not associated with PD risk, our data suggest head injury may initiate and/or accelerate neurodegeneration when levels of synuclein are high, as in those with Rep1 expansion. Given the high population frequency of head injury, independent verification of these results is essential.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.