ReviewProtein science : a publication of the Protein Society2012
Fluorine: a new element in protein design.
Review in Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Asymmetric synthesis of fluorinated derivatives of aromatic and γ-branched amino acids via a chiral Ni(II) complex.Beilstein journal of organic chemistry · 2025Article
- Multifaceted antimicrobial mechanisms of NCR147-derived peptides fromFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Engineered Proteins and Materials Utilizing Residue-Specific Noncanonical Amino Acid Incorporation.Chemical reviews · 2024Review
- Synthesis of Fluorinated Nucleosides/Nucleotides and Their Antiviral Properties.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Fluorinated Protein and Peptide Materials for Biomedical Applications.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Engineering of enzymes using non-natural amino acids.Bioscience reports · 2022Review
- Design and Synthesis of New α-hydroxy β-fluoro/β-trifluoromethyl and Unsaturated Phosphonates from Carbohydrate-Derived Building Blocks via Pudovik and Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons Reactions.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Fluorine-Containing Drug Administration in Rats Results in Fluorination of Selected Proteins in Liver and Brain Tissue.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- New developments in RiPP discovery, enzymology and engineering.Natural product reports · 2021Review
- Perfluorocarbons in Chemical Biology.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2020Review
- Influence of Fluorination on Single-Molecule Unfolding and Rupture Pathways of a Mechanostable Protein Adhesion Complex.Nano letters · 2020Article
- Matter-wave interference and deflection of tripeptides decorated with fluorinated alkyl chains.Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS · 2020Article
- Synthesis and Diels-Alder Reactivity of 4-Fluoro-4-Methyl-4International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Synthesis of α-Fluoro-α-Amino Acid Derivatives via Photoredox-Catalyzed Carbofluorination.ACS catalysis · 2019Article
- Discovery and Investigation of Natural Editing Function against Artificial Amino Acids in Protein Translation.ACS central science · 2017Article
- The use of 4,4,4-trifluorothreonine to stabilize extended peptide structures and mimic β-strands.Beilstein journal of organic chemistry · 2017Article
- Demystifying fluorine chemical shifts: electronic structure calculations address origins of seemingly anomalous (19)F-NMR spectra of fluorohistidine isomers and analogues.Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP · 2015Article
- Synthetic biology for the directed evolution of protein biocatalysts: navigating sequence space intelligently.Chemical Society reviews · 2015Review
- Fluorine modulates species selectivity in the triazolopyrimidine class of Plasmodium falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitors.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2014Article
- Formal reduction potential of 3,5-difluorotyrosine in a structured protein: insight into multistep radical transfer.Biochemistry · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Fluorocarbons are quintessentially man-made molecules, fluorine being all but absent from biology. Perfluorinated molecules exhibit novel physicochemical properties that include extreme chemical inertness, thermal stability, and an unusual propensity for phase segregation. The question we and others have sought to answer is to what extent can these properties be engineered into proteins? Here, we review recent studies in which proteins have been designed that incorporate highly fluorinated analogs of hydrophobic amino acids with the aim of creating proteins with novel chemical and biological properties. Fluorination seems to be a general and effective strategy to enhance the stability of proteins, both soluble and membrane bound, against chemical and thermal denaturation, although retaining structure and biological activity. Most studies have focused on small proteins that can be produced by peptide synthesis as synthesis of large proteins containing specifically fluorinated residues remains challenging. However, the development of various biosynthetic methods for introducing noncanonical amino acids into proteins promises to expand the utility of fluorinated amino acids in protein design.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.