ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2012
The photopic negative response of the flash electroretinogram in multiple sclerosis.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparisons of cone electroretinograms after indocyanine green-, brilliant blue G-, or triamcinolone acetonide-assisted macular hole surgery.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2014Trial
- The luminance-response function of the photopic negative response (PhNR): analysing different stimulation, recording and measurement approaches.Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Applications of Photopic Negative Response: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Structural and Functional Assessment of the Macular Inner Retinal Layers in Multiple Sclerosis Eyes Without History of Optic Neuropathy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Electroretinographic Findings in Fragile X, Premutation, and Controls: A Study of Biomarker Correlations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- A modified analysis protocol for the PhNR test.Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Electrodiagnostic tests of the visual pathway and applications in neuro-ophthalmology.Eye (London, England) · 2024Review
- Evaluation of inner retinal function at different stages of primary open angle glaucoma using the photopic negative response (PhNR) measured by RETeval electroretinography.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Article
- Full-field electroretinogram recorded with skin electrodes in 6- to 12-year-old children.Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Topographical Correlation between Structural and Functional Impairment of the Macular Inner Retinal Layers in Multiple Sclerosis Eyes with a History of Optic Neuropathy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Long-term blue light rearing does not affect in vivo retinal function in young rhesus monkeys.Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Functional and structural readouts for early detection of retinal involvement in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2023Article
- Photopic negative response recorded with RETeval system in eyes with optic nerve disorders.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- B cell-dependent EAE induces visual deficits in the mouse with similarities to human autoimmune demyelinating diseases.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Article
- A three-year longitudinal study of retinal function and structure in patients with multiple sclerosis.Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology · 2022Observational
- Structure and function of retinal ganglion cells in subjects with a history of repeated traumatic brain injury.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Significant correlations between focal photopic negative response and focal visual sensitivity and ganglion cell complex thickness in glaucomatous eyes.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2022Observational
- Clinical electrophysiology of the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cells.Eye (London, England) · 2021Review
- Relationship between structural and functional changes in glaucomatous eyes: a multifocal electroretinogram study.BMC ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Photopic negative response using a handheld mini-ganzfeld stimulator in healthy adults: normative values, intra- and inter-session variability.Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo use the photopic electroretinogram (ERG) to evaluate retinal function in eyes of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with and without a history of optic neuritis (ON) and to compare the functional and structural status of the inner retina.
methodsFull-field ERG responses to brief red flashes (0.04-2.8 cd · s/m²) on a rod-saturating blue background were recorded from 51 MS patients and 33 age-matched control subjects. In patients, perimetry was performed and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) was assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and scanning laser polarimetry (SLP). MS eyes were separated into groups: "ON >6" months (n = 25), "ON <6" months (n = 29), and "no ON" (n = 33) based on positive or negative history of ON and time since the last episode. Thirteen ON<6 eyes were re-evaluated 1 year later.
resultsPhNR amplitudes were lower in ON>6, ON<6, and no-ON eyes (mean ± SD, 17.3 ± 7.6, 16.0 ± 6.5, and 23.8 ± 9.3 μV, respectively), than in control eyes (29.8 ± 6.5 μV; P < 0.001) for a standard stimulus of 1.42 cd · s/m²; a- and b-wave amplitudes were unaffected. PhNR amplitudes correlated with visual fields mean deviation (MD) in ON>6 (r² = 0.43; P < 0.001) and no-ON eyes (r² = 0.10; P < 0.05), with similar results for weaker stimuli. PhNR amplitudes correlated with RNFLT in ON>6 eyes: OCT (r² = 0.52; P < 0.0001) and SLP (r² = 0.51; P < 0.01); and in no-ON eyes, OCT (r² = 0.21; P < 0.01) and SLP (r² = 0.17; P < 0.05). ON<6 amplitudes did not correlate significantly with other measures, but increased after 1 year by 5.1 ± 3.1 μV (P < 0.001), visual fields MD increased by 1.8 ± 2.3 dB (P < 0.05), and RNFL loss persisted.
conclusionsPhotopic ERG PhNR amplitudes in MS patients are significantly reduced in eyes with and without a history of ON.
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