ArticleTobacco control2013
Secondhand tobacco smoke: an occupational hazard for smoking and non-smoking bar and nightclub employees.
Article in Tobacco control, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05016505 (A Randomized Controlled Trial to Support Smoke-Free Policy Compliance in Public Housing), which is not on this map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized Controlled Trial to Support Smoke-Free Policy Compliance in Public Housing
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Compliance with smoke-free laws in hospitality venues in Ethiopia: A cross-sectional observational study in 10 cities.PloS one · 2025Observational
- Urine levels of nicotine and its metabolites in young population exposed to second-hand smoke in nightclubs: a pilot study.Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju · 2024Article
- Article
- Support for smoke-free public places among adults in four countries in sub-Saharan Africa.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Article
- Exposure to secondhand smoke in vehicles among Canadian adolescents: Years after the adoption of smoke-free car laws.Addictive behaviors reports · 2019Article
- Waterpipe tobacco smoke: Characterization of toxicants and exposure biomarkers in a cross-sectional study of waterpipe employees.Environment international · 2019Article
- Public Facility Utility and Third-Hand Smoking Exposure without First and Second-Hand Smoking According to Urinary Cotinine Level.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Impact of declining exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke in public places to decreasing smoking-related cancer mortality in the US population.Environment international · 2018Article
- Biomarkers of Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Waterpipe Tobacco Venue Employees in Istanbul, Moscow, and Cairo.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2018Article
- Higher hair nicotine level in children compared to mother living with smoking father in Malaysia.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2016Article
- Occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: A cross-sectional study in bars and restaurants in Santiago, Chile.American journal of industrial medicine · 2016Article
- Adherence to the Tobacco Control Act, 2007: presence of a workplace policy on tobacco use in bars and restaurants in Nairobi, Kenya.BMJ open · 2016Article
- Oxidative Stress in Youth and Adolescents With Elevated Body Mass Index Exposed to Secondhand Smoke.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2016Article
- Compliance to the smoke-free law in Guatemala 5-years after implementation.BMC public health · 2016Article
- Secondhand smoke exposure and serum cotinine levels among current smokers in the USA.Tobacco control · 2016Article
- Secondhand smoke in waterpipe tobacco venues in Istanbul, Moscow, and Cairo.Environmental research · 2015Article
- Smoke-Free Multiunit Housing Policy: Caretakers' Perspectives on Economic and Personal Impacts.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2015Article
- Clear Skies and Grey Areas: Flight Attendants' Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Attitudes toward Smoke-Free Policy 25 Years since Smoking was Banned on Airplanes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2015Article
- Occupational secondhand smoke is the main determinant of hair nicotine concentrations in bar and restaurant workers.Environmental research · 2014Article
- Secondhand smoke exposure among young adult sexual minority bar and nightclub patrons.American journal of public health · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn the absence of comprehensive smoking bans in public places, bars and nightclubs have the highest concentrations of secondhand tobacco smoke, posing a serious health risk for workers in these venues.
objectiveTo assess exposure of bar and nightclub employees to secondhand smoke, including non-smoking and smoking employees.
methodsBetween 2007 and 2009, the authors recruited approximately 10 venues per city and up to five employees per venue in 24 cities in the Americas, Eastern Europe, Asia and Africa. Air nicotine concentrations were measured for 7 days in 238 venues. To evaluate personal exposure to secondhand smoke, hair nicotine concentrations were also measured for 625 non-smoking and 311 smoking employees (N=936).
resultsMedian (IQR) air nicotine concentrations were 3.5 (1.5-8.5) μg/m(3) and 0.2 (0.1-0.7) μg/m(3) in smoking and smoke-free venues, respectively. Median (IQR) hair nicotine concentrations were 6.0 (1.6-16.0) ng/mg and 1.7 (0.5-5.5) ng/mg in smoking and non-smoking employees, respectively. After adjustment for age, sex, education, living with a smoker, hair treatment and region, a twofold increase in air nicotine concentrations was associated with a 30% (95% CI 23% to 38%) increase in hair nicotine concentrations in non-smoking employees and with a 10% (2% to 19%) increase in smoking employees.
conclusionsOccupational exposure to secondhand smoke, assessed by air nicotine, resulted in elevated concentrations of hair nicotine among non-smoking and smoking bar and nightclub employees. The high levels of airborne nicotine found in bars and nightclubs and the contribution of this exposure to employee hair nicotine concentrations support the need for legislation measures that ensure complete protection from secondhand smoke in these venues.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.