ArticlePloS one2012
Polymorphism in the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene is associated with activity-impulsivity in German Shepherd Dogs.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neurodevelopmental effects of prenatal vitamin D in humans: systematic review and meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Vitamin D Status and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2018Pooled it
- Differences in interactions between brain regions across personality types while learning in zebrafish (bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Chronic renal disease detection developments with future potential to improve veterinary clinical practice.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
- Identification of SORCS1 as a candidate gene associated with canine behavioral traits: Insights from guide dog training outcomes.PloS one · 2026Article
- Measuring canine impulsivity: translation and validation of a German dog impulsivity assessment scale.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Repeated Task Exposure and Sufficient Sleep May Mitigate ADHD-Related Cognitive Flexibility Impairments in Family Dogs.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Development of a human analogue ADHD diagnostic system for family dogs.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- New Advances in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-like Dogs.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- Towards an Objective Measurement Tool for ADHD-like Traits in Family Dogs: A Comprehensive Test Battery.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Development of a human-analogue, 3-symptom domain Dog ADHD and Functionality Rating Scale (DAFRS).Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Genetic variants in the TAC1 transcriptional regulatory region affect on trainability and excitability levels in Belgian Malinois dogs.Veterinary medicine and science · 2024Article
- Serotonin and Dopamine Blood Levels in ADHD-Like Dogs.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Comparison of serum vitamin D levels between healthy and ADHD children.Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2023Article
- Two valid and reliable tests for monitoring age-related memory performance and neophobia differences in dogs.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Evaluating ADHD Assessment for Dogs: A Replication Study.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Oxytocin Receptor Gene Polymorphism in Lactating Dogs.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- Canine hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention share similar demographic risk factors and behavioural comorbidities with human ADHD.Translational psychiatry · 2021Article
- Article
- Enhancing the Selection and Performance of Working Dogs.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We investigated the association between repeat polymorphism in intron 4 of the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene and two personality traits, activity-impulsivity and inattention, in German Shepherd Dogs. The behaviour of 104 dogs was characterized by two instruments: (1) the previously validated Dog-Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale (Dog-ADHD RS) filled in by the dog owners and (2) the newly developed Activity-impulsivity Behavioural Scale (AIBS) containing four subtests, scored by the experimenters. Internal consistency, inter-observer reliability, test-retest reliability and convergent validity were demonstrated for AIBS. Dogs possessing at least one short allele were proved to be more active-impulsive by both instruments, compared to dogs carrying two copies of the long allele (activity-impulsivity scale of Dog-ADHD RS: p = 0.007; AIBS: p = 0.023). The results have some potential to support human studies; however, further research should reveal the molecular function of the TH gene variants, and look for the effect in more breeds.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.