Trial reportJournal of the National Cancer Institute2012
Fifteen-year effects of Helicobacter pylori, garlic, and vitamin treatments on gastric cancer incidence and mortality.
Trial report in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 221 papers, 23 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
221 citing papers in PubMed, 23 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 454 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Evidence-Based Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment ofThe Korean journal of gastroenterology = Taehan Sohwagi Hakhoe chi · 2026Guideline
- Current research status and hotspots of precancerous lesions of gastric cancer: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Clinical Practice Guideline for Gastritis in Korea.Journal of Korean medical science · 2023Guideline
- Effect ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Pooled it
- Alterations in Gastric Mucosal Microbiota in Gastric Carcinogenesis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Selenium, antioxidants, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2020Pooled it
- Helicobacter pylori eradication for the prevention of gastric neoplasia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Chemoprevention of gastric cancer development afterWorld journal of gastroenterology · 2020Pooled it
- AGA Technical Review on Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia-Natural History and Clinical Outcomes.Gastroenterology · 2020Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of docetaxel perioperative chemotherapy regimens in gastric and esophagogastric tumors.Scientific reports · 2019Pooled it
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- Serum microRNA signatures and metabolomics have high diagnostic value in gastric cancer.BMC cancer · 2018Pooled it
- Strategies for prevention of gastrointestinal cancers in developing countries: a systematic review.Journal of global health · 2017Pooled it
- An update of the WCRF/AICR systematic literature review and meta-analysis on dietary and anthropometric factors and esophageal cancer risk.Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · 2017Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Dietary Supplements and Risk of Cause-Specific Death, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Primary Prevention Trials.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2017Pooled it
- An update of the WCRF/AICR systematic literature review on esophageal and gastric cancers and citrus fruits intake.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2016Pooled it
- Helicobacter pylori eradication cannot reduce the risk of gastric cancer in patients with intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia: evidence from a meta-analysis.Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association · 2016Pooled it
- Helicobacter pylori eradication for the prevention of gastric neoplasia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
161 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
In the Shandong Intervention Trial, 2 weeks of antibiotic treatment for Helicobacter pylori reduced the prevalence of precancerous gastric lesions, whereas 7.3 years of oral supplementation with garlic extract and oil (garlic treatment) or vitamin C, vitamin E, and selenium (vitamin treatment) did not. Here we report 14.7-year follow-up for gastric cancer incidence and cause-specific mortality among 3365 randomly assigned subjects in this masked factorial placebo-controlled trial. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of gastric cancer incidence, and the Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the relative hazard of cause-specific mortality. All statistical tests were two-sided. Gastric cancer was diagnosed in 3.0% of subjects who received H pylori treatment and in 4.6% of those who received placebo (odds ratio = 0.61, 95% confidence interval = 0.38 to 0.96, P = .032). Gastric cancer deaths occurred among 1.5% of subjects assigned H pylori treatment and among 2.1% of those assigned placebo (hazard ratio [HR] of death = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.36 to 1.28). Garlic and vitamin treatments were associated with non-statistically significant reductions in gastric cancer incidence and mortality. Vitamin treatment was associated with statistically significantly fewer deaths from gastric or esophageal cancer, a secondary endpoint (HR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.30 to 0.87; P = .014).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.