ArticleEuropean archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience2012
Intracellular monocytic cytokine levels in schizophrenia show an alteration of IL-6.
Article in European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02796859 (A Randomized Controlled Trial of Adjunctive Siltuximab in Schizophrenia), which is not on this map. Cited by 8 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Adjunctive Siltuximab in Schizophrenia
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of IL-6/IL-6R axis alterations in serum, plasma and cerebrospinal fluid with the schizophrenia: an updated review and meta-analysis of 58 studies.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2024Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of lymphocytes in schizophrenia: clinical status and antipsychotic effects.Biological psychiatry · 2013Pooled it
- Sex-specific Associations between Immune Parameters and Clinical Symptoms in First-episode Patients with Schizophrenia.Current neuropharmacology · 2025Article
- Review
- Old and New Biomarkers for Infection, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity in Treatment-Resistant Affective and Schizophrenic Spectrum Disorders.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Impaired monocyte activation in schizophrenia: ultrastructural abnormalities and increased IL-1β production.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2017Article
- Towards an Immunophenotype of Schizophrenia: Progress, Potential Mechanisms, and Future Directions.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2017Review
- Biomarkers and neurobiology of schizophrenia.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Several studies have shown an involvement of the immune system, in particular the monocytic system, in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Beside others, the monocyte-derived cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 were found to be affected. Since cytokines are secreted by several different cell types, the cellular source is only clear if intracellular levels are measured. Thus, in order to study the monocytic system in schizophrenia, the intracellular levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 were determined. The intracellular concentration of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 in CD33 positive monocytes was evaluated in schizophrenic patients and controls with monoclonal antibodies against these cytokines. In addition, in vitro stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or poly I/C, which mimic a bacterial and viral infection, was performed before immunocytochemistry. At baseline, monocytic IL-6 levels were significantly lower in schizophrenic patients than in controls. After stimulation with LPS, compared with baseline, monocytic intracellular IL-6 production tended to increase more in schizophrenic patients. The present results provide further support for the hypothesis of an involvement of a dysfunction of the monocytic system in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and indicate that especially the pro-inflammatory immune response seems to be impaired.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.