Trial reportTrials2012
Comparison of embedded and added motor imagery training in patients after stroke: results of a randomised controlled pilot trial.
Trial report in Trials, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00858910 (Comparison of Embedded and Added Motor Imagery Training to Improve a Motor Skill in Patients After Stroke), which is not on this map. Cited by 23 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparison of Embedded and Added Motor Imagery Training to Improve a Motor Skill in Patients After Stroke: a Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial Using a Mixed Methods Approach
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Adapting Motor Imagery Training Protocols to Surgical Education: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Surgical innovation · 2021Pooled it
- Motor imagery for gait rehabilitation after stroke.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- The effect of interventions on balance self-efficacy in the stroke population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical rehabilitation · 2015Pooled it
- Impact of neurologic deficits on motor imagery: a systematic review of clinical evaluations.Neuropsychology review · 2014Pooled it
- Use of recognition of laterality through implicit motor imagery for the improvement of postural control and balance in subacute stroke patients: a randomized controlled study.Revista de neurologia · 2022Trial
- The Impact of Visualization on Stroke Rehabilitation in Adults: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials on Guided and Motor Imagery.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Effects of neurofeedback on standing postural control task with combined imagined and executed movements.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- A different point of view: the evaluation of motor imagery perspectives in patients with sensorimotor impairments in a longitudinal study.BMC neurology · 2021Article
- Study Paradigms and Principles Investigated in Motor Learning Research After Stroke: A Scoping Review.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation · 2021Article
- Motor Imagery: A Resource in the Fatigue Rehabilitation for Return-to-Work in Multiple Sclerosis Patients-A Mini Systematic Review.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Review
- Implicit Motor Imagery and the Lateral Occipitotemporal Cortex: Hints for Tailoring Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Reliability and Validity of the Japanese Version of the Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire (KVIQ).Brain sciences · 2018Article
- Article
- The impact of goal-oriented task design on neurofeedback learning for brain-computer interface control.Medical & biological engineering & computing · 2018Article
- Muscle Activation During Grasping With and Without Motor Imagery in Healthy Volunteers and Patients After Stroke or With Parkinson's Disease.Frontiers in psychology · 2018Article
- The influence of motor imagery on the learning of a fine hand motor skill.Experimental brain research · 2017Article
- [Neurofeedback-based motor imagery training for rehabilitation after stroke].Der Nervenarzt · 2016Review
- What are the functional outcomes of right hemisphere stroke patients with or without hemi-inattention complications? A critical narrative review and suggestions for further research.Disability and rehabilitation · 2016Review
- Rhythmic cued motor imagery and walking in people with multiple sclerosis: a randomised controlled feasibility study.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2015Article
- Towards the integration of mental practice in rehabilitation programs. A critical review.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMotor imagery (MI) when combined with physiotherapy can offer functional benefits after stroke. Two MI integration strategies exist: added and embedded MI. Both approaches were compared when learning a complex motor task (MT): 'Going down, laying on the floor, and getting up again'.
methodsOutpatients after first stroke participated in a single-blinded, randomised controlled trial with MI embedded into physiotherapy (EG1), MI added to physiotherapy (EG2), and a control group (CG). All groups participated in six physiotherapy sessions. Primary study outcome was time (sec) to perform the motor task at pre and post-intervention. SECONDARY OUTCOMES: level of help needed, stages of MT-completion, independence, balance, fear of falling (FOF), MI ability. Data were collected four times: twice during one week baseline phase (BL, T0), following the two week intervention (T1), after a two week follow-up (FU). Analysis of variance was performed.
resultsThirty nine outpatients were included (12 females, age: 63.4 ± 10 years; time since stroke: 3.5 ± 2 years; 29 with an ischemic event). All were able to complete the motor task using the standardised 7-step procedure and reduced FOF at T0, T1, and FU. Times to perform the MT at baseline were 44.2 ± 22s, 64.6 ± 50s, and 118.3 ± 93s for EG1 (N = 13), EG2 (N = 12), and CG (N = 14). All groups showed significant improvement in time to complete the MT (p < 0.001) and degree of help needed to perform the task: minimal assistance to supervision (CG) and independent performance (EG1+2). No between group differences were found. Only EG1 demonstrated changes in MI ability over time with the visual indicator increasing from T0 to T1 and decreasing from T1 to FU. The kinaesthetic indicator increased from T1 to FU. Patients indicated to value the MI training and continued using MI for other difficult-to-perform tasks.
conclusionsEmbedded or added MI training combined with physiotherapy seem to be feasible and benefi-cial to learn the MT with emphasis on getting up independently. Based on their baseline level CG had the highest potential to improve outcomes. A patient study with 35 patients per group could give a conclusive answer of a superior MI integration strategy.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00858910.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.