ReviewThe Surgical clinics of North America2012
The role of unconscious bias in surgical safety and outcomes.
Review in The Surgical clinics of North America, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed.
- Do patient race and sex change surgeon recommendations for TKA?Clinical orthopaedics and related research · 2015Trial
- Cardiovascular-Related Maternal Mortality.Obstetrics and gynecology · 2026Review
- Peripheral Artery Disease: New Concepts, Treatments, and Disparities.Annual review of medicine · 2026Review
- Long-Term Risk of Pneumonia Among Gastric Cancer Survivors: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.Cancers · 2025Article
- Determinants for Aggressive Discoid Lateral Meniscus Saucerization: Evidence for Bias or Just Experience?Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America · 2025Article
- AI and inclusion in simulation education and leadership: a global cross-sectional evaluation of diversity.Advances in simulation (London, England) · 2025Article
- The Effect of Race and Social Vulnerability on the Management of Thumb Carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis.Cureus · 2025Article
- Natural Language Processing (NLP): Identifying Linguistic Gender Bias in Electronic Medical Records (EMRs).Journal of patient experience · 2025Article
- Documentation of Stigmatizing Language in Electronic Health Records and Birth Outcomes.Health equity · 2025Article
- Review
- Standardized Cesarean Risk Counseling with Induction: Impact on Racial Disparities in Birth Satisfaction.American journal of perinatology · 2023Article
- Identification of Clinical and Demographic Predictors for Treatment Modality in Patients With Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.Hand (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- Characterizing Equity of Intensive Care Unit Admissions for Sepsis and Acute Respiratory Failure.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2022Article
- Gender and ethnicity bias in medicine: a text analysis of 1.8 million critical care records.PNAS nexus · 2022Article
- Article
- Healthcare disparities in vascular surgery: A critical review.Journal of vascular surgery · 2021Review
- Article
- Evaluating Single-Surgeon Bias Toward Recommending Corrective Procedures for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy Based on Demographic Factors and Comorbidities in a 484-Patient Cohort.Global spine journal · 2021Article
- Implicit bias in healthcare: clinical practice, research and decision making.Future healthcare journal · 2021Article
- Racial Disparities in Surgery: A Cross-Specialty Matched Comparison Between Black and White Patients.Annals of surgery open : perspectives of surgical history, education, and clinical approaches · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Racial, ethnic, and gender disparities in health outcomes are a major challenge for the US health care system. Although the causes of these disparities are multifactorial, unconscious bias on the part of health care providers plays a role. Unconscious bias occurs when subconscious prejudicial beliefs about stereotypical individual attributes result in an automatic and unconscious reaction and/or behavior based on those beliefs. This article reviews the evidence in support of unconscious bias and resultant disparate health outcomes. Although unconscious bias cannot be entirely eliminated, acknowledging it, encouraging empathy, and understanding patients' sociocultural context promotes just, equitable, and compassionate care to all patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.