ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2012
Expanding roles for CD4⁺ T cells in immunity to viruses.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 590 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
590 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The predictive value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio for the occurrence, progression, and mortality of diabetic nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- WT1 peptide vaccines of post-allogeneic HSCT maintenance immunotherapy for pediatric acute leukemias: a phase 2 study.Blood advances · 2026Trial
- SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell therapy for severe COVID-19: a randomized phase 1/2 trial.Nature medicine · 2023Trial
- Safety and immunogenicity of inactive vaccines as booster doses for COVID-19 in Türkiye: A randomized trial.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Trial
- DNA methylation predicts the outcome of COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.Journal of translational medicine · 2022Trial
- T-cell responses to primary SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in Down syndrome - From childhood to adulthood.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Observational
- Generation and characterization of humanized CD4 knock-in mice expressing chimeric mouse/human CD4 protein.Lab animal · 2026Article
- Current progress in the pathophysiology and potential therapeutic targets of acute-on-chronic liver failure through multiomics approaches.Infectious diseases & immunity · 2026Review
- Single-cell analysis of adaptive NK and CMV-specific T-cell dynamics after allogeneic HSCT.Blood advances · 2026Article
- Mechanistic Insights Into the Anti-Constipation Potential of Xiaogan Jianwei Formula: Integration of HPLC-Q-TOF MS/MS, Network Pharmacology, In Vivo Validation, and Gut Microbiota.Biomedical chromatography : BMC · 2026Article
- Orthodox vs. Paradox: Supporting the Central Dogma With Sugar Code.Proteomics · 2026Review
- The Neuroimmune Duality of CD4⁺ T Cells: Drivers of Damage and Repair in the Brain.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Effects of Dietary Lactoferrin-Osteopontin Complexes on Immune Function, Intestinal Health and Microbiota Composition in Kittens.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Influenza.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- The Role of CD4 T Cell Repertoire and Immune Memory Mechanisms in Vaccination and Infection Immunity.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Reproducible detection of antigen-specific T cells and Tregs via standardized and automated activation-induced marker assay workflows.Cell reports methods · 2026Article
- Whole-body irradiation causes long-term impairments in the maintenance and function of naïve CD4 T cells specific for self- and non-self-antigens.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Advances in Feline Panleukopenia Virus Vaccines: Immunological Mechanisms, Current Challenges, and Future Perspectives.Viruses · 2026Review
- Cross-reactive antibody and T-cell responses after influenza virus infection in community-dwelling older adults.Journal of virology · 2026Article
530 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Viral pathogens often induce strong effector CD4(+) T cell responses that are best known for their ability to help B cell and CD8(+) T cell responses. However, recent studies have uncovered additional roles for CD4(+) T cells, some of which are independent of other lymphocytes, and have described previously unappreciated functions for memory CD4(+) T cells in immunity to viruses. Here, we review the full range of antiviral functions of CD4(+) T cells, discussing the activities of these cells in helping other lymphocytes and in inducing innate immune responses, as well as their direct antiviral roles. We suggest that all of these functions of CD4(+) T cells are integrated to provide highly effective immune protection against viral pathogens.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.