ArticleNature materials2012
Synthetic mast-cell granules as adjuvants to promote and polarize immunity in lymph nodes.
Article in Nature materials, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cell and tissue engineering in lymph nodes for cancer immunotherapy.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Mast cell extracellular granules are bioactive condensates assembled by heparin and polyamine.Nature chemical biology · 2026Article
- HACC-TNF-α-VLP Nanoparticles Facilitate HSP90-Dependent Antigen Cross-Presentation to Enhance CD8⁺ T Cell and Mucosal Immunity Against Foot-and-Mouth Disease.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Article
- Mast cell extracellular granules are bioactive condensates driven by heparin and polyamine.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Optogenetic-Controlled iPSC-Based Vaccines for Prophylactic and Therapeutic Tumor Suppression in Mice.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- LRO biogenesis and function: what can we learn from mast cells?Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Lymph node targeting for immunotherapy.Immuno-oncology technology · 2023Review
- A SARS-CoV-2 and influenza double hit vaccine based on RBD-conjugated inactivated influenza A virus.Science advances · 2023Article
- Promises and challenges of mucosal COVID-19 vaccines.Vaccine · 2023Article
- Development of a broadly active influenza intranasal vaccine adjuvanted with self-assembled particles composed of mastoparan-7 and CpG.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Mast cell regranulation requires a metabolic switch involving mTORC1 and a glucose-6-phosphate transporter.Cell reports · 2022Article
- Lymph-Directed Self-Immolative Nitric Oxide Prodrug for Inhibition of Intractable Metastatic Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2022Article
- Article
- Promising Adjuvants and Platforms for Influenza Vaccine Development.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Lymph-directed nitric oxide increases immune cell access to lymph-borne nanoscale solutes.Biomaterials · 2021Article
- Review
- Novel mucosal adjuvant, mastoparan-7, improves cocaine vaccine efficacy.NPJ vaccines · 2020Article
- Basophils and Eosinophils in Nematode Infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- A materials-science perspective on tackling COVID-19.Nature reviews. Materials · 2020Review
- Biomaterials for Modulating Lymphatic Function in Immunoengineering.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Granules of mast cells (MCs) enhance adaptive immunity when, on activation, they are released as stable particles. Here we show that submicrometre particles modelled after MC granules augment immunity when used as adjuvants in vaccines. The synthetic particles, which consist of a carbohydrate backbone with encapsulated inflammatory mediators such as tumour necrosis factor, replicate attributes of MCs in vivo including the targeting of draining lymph nodes and the timed release of the encapsulated mediators. When used as an adjuvant during vaccination of mice with haemagglutinin from the influenza virus, the particles enhanced adaptive immune responses and increased survival of mice on lethal challenge. Furthermore, differential loading of the particles with the cytokine IL-12 directed the character of the response towards Th1 lymphocytes. The synthetic MC adjuvants replicate and enhance the functions of MCs during vaccination, and can be extended to polarize the resulting immunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.