Trial reportNeuroImage2012
Estradiol treatment altered anticholinergic-related brain activation during working memory in postmenopausal women.
Trial report in NeuroImage, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between higher serum uric acid levels and cognitive function: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Uric acid levels and risk of cognitive impairment: Dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Oral Choline Reduced Working Memory-Related Brain Activation in Postmenopausal Women: A Pilot Study.Nutrients · 2026Trial
- Nicotinic treatment of post-chemotherapy subjective cognitive impairment: a pilot study.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2019Trial
- Tamoxifen improves cholinergically modulated cognitive performance in postmenopausal women.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2013Trial
- Sex differences in neuromodulatory subcortical systems and their implications for Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- The Role and Mechanism of Estrogen in Perimenopausal Depression.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Review
- Using estrogen and progesterone to treat premenstrual dysphoric disorder, postnatal depression and menopausal depression.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Effect of estradiol with or without micronized progesterone on cholinergic-related cognitive performance in postmenopausal women.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- Sex-related brain connectivity correlates of compensation in adults with autism: insights into female protection.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2022Article
- Menopause and cognitive impairment: A narrative review of current knowledge.World journal of psychiatry · 2021Review
- The Role of Estrogen in Brain and Cognitive Aging.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2019Review
- Estrogen, Stress, and Depression: Cognitive and Biological Interactions.Annual review of clinical psychology · 2019Review
- Dopamine-dependent cognitive processes after menopause: the relationship between COMT genotype, estradiol, and working memory.Neurobiology of aging · 2018Article
- Estrogens, Aging, and Working Memory.Current psychiatry reports · 2018Review
- Self-reported chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment compared with cognitive complaints following menopause.Psycho-oncology · 2018Article
- Dopaminergic contributions to working memory-related brain activation in postmenopausal women.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2017Article
- Reproductive Steroid Regulation of Mood and Behavior.Comprehensive Physiology · 2016Review
- Estrogen-cholinergic interactions: Implications for cognitive aging.Hormones and behavior · 2015Review
- Enhanced Neuroactivation during Working Memory Task in Postmenopausal Women Receiving Hormone Therapy: A Coordinate-Based Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Estradiol has been shown to affect cholinergic modulation of cognition in human and nonhuman animal models. This study examined the brain-based interaction of estradiol treatment and anticholinergic challenge in postmenopausal women during the performance of a working memory task and functional MRI. Twenty-four postmenopausal women were randomly and blindly placed on 1mg oral 17-β estradiol or matching placebo pills for three months after which they participated in three anticholinergic challenge sessions. During the challenge sessions, subjects were administered the antimuscarinic drug scopolamine, the antinicotinic drug mecamylamine, or placebo. After drug administration, subjects completed an fMRI session during which time they performed a visual verbal N-back test of working memory. Results showed that scopolamine increased activation in the left medial frontal gyrus (BA 10) and mecamylamine increased activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus (BA 46). Estradiol treatment compared to placebo treatment significantly reduced the activation in this left medial frontal region during scopolamine challenge. Estradiol treatment also increased activation in the precuneus (BA 31) during mecamylamine challenge. These data are the first to show that estradiol modulated antimuscarinic- and anitnicotinic-induced brain activity and suggest that estradiol affected cholinergic system regulation of cognition-related brain activation in humans.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.