ArticleBMC infectious diseases2012
Effects of adenosine A₂A receptor activation and alanyl-glutamine in Clostridium difficile toxin-induced ileitis in rabbits and cecitis in mice.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clostridioides difficile Infection in Animals.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Damage response signaling by the extracellular adenosine pathway: control of infection outcome during host aging.mSphere · 2025Review
- Clostridioides difficile Infection in Aged Mice Decreases Memory Function, Which Can Be Protected with Alanyl-Glutamine Supplementation.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Exploring the Toxin-Mediated Mechanisms inMicroorganisms · 2024Review
- Adenosine receptors differentially mediate enteric glial cell death induced byFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Systemic and Ocular Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms of Green Tea Extract on Endotoxin-Induced Ocular Inflammation.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Host and Clostridioides difficile-Response Modulated by Micronutrients and Glutamine: An Overview.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Review
- A Novel Role of AFrontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Infectious Tolerance as Seen With 2020 Vision: The Role of IL-35 and Extracellular Vesicles.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Investigational Treatment Agents for RecurrentJournal of experimental pharmacology · 2020Review
- Disentangling Microbial Mediators of Malnutrition: Modeling Environmental Enteric Dysfunction.Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology · 2019Review
- Novel therapies and preventative strategies for primary and recurrent Clostridium difficile infections.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2019Review
- Anti-inflammatory effect of a novel locally acting APurinergic signalling · 2018Article
- A Review of Experimental and Off-Label Therapies for Clostridium difficile Infection.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2017Review
- Clostridium difficile Infection.Microbiology spectrum · 2016Review
- Intestinal epithelial restitution after TcdB challenge and recovery from Clostridium difficile infection in mice with alanyl-glutamine treatment.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2013Article
- The host immune response to Clostridium difficile infection.Therapeutic advances in infectious disease · 2013Review
- The P2Y6 receptor mediates Clostridium difficile toxin-induced CXCL8/IL-8 production and intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction.PloS one · 2013Article
- Adenosine A2A receptor activation reduces recurrence and mortality from Clostridium difficile infection in mice following vancomycin treatment.BMC infectious diseases · 2012Article
- Contribution of adenosine A(2B) receptors in Clostridium difficile intoxication and infection.Infection and immunity · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSevere Clostridium difficile toxin-induced enteritis is characterized by exuberant intestinal tissue inflammation, epithelial disruption and diarrhea. Adenosine, through its action on the adenosine A2A receptor, prevents neutrophillic adhesion and oxidative burst and inhibits inflammatory cytokine production. Alanyl-glutamine enhances intestinal mucosal repair and decreases apoptosis of enterocytes. This study investigates the protection from enteritis by combination therapy with ATL 370, an adenosine A2A receptor agonist, and alanyl-glutamine in a rabbit and murine intestinal loop models of C. difficile toxin A-induced epithelial injury.
methodsToxin A with or without alanyl-glutamine was administered intraluminally to rabbit ileal or murine cecal loops. Animals were also given either PBS or ATL 370 parenterally. Ileal tissues were examined for secretion, histopathology, apoptosis, Cxcl1/KC and IL-10.
resultsATL 370 decreased ileal secretion and histopathologic changes in loops treated with Toxin A. These effects were reversed by the A2A receptor antagonist, SCH 58261, in a dose-dependent manner. The combination of ATL 370 and alanyl-glutamine significantly further decreased ileal secretion, mucosal injury and apoptosis more than loops treated with either drug alone. ATL 370 and alanyl-glutamine also decreased intestinal tissue KC and IL-10.
conclusionsCombination therapy with an adenosine A2A receptor agonist and alanyl-glutamine is effective in reversing C. difficile toxin A-induced epithelial injury, inflammation, secretion and apoptosis in animals and has therapeutic potential for the management of C. difficile infection.
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