ArticleDermato-endocrinology2011
Solar UV doses of adult Americans and vitamin D(3) production.
Article in Dermato-endocrinology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reduced-fat Gouda-type cheese enriched with vitamin DEuropean journal of nutrition · 2017Trial
- Response of Vitamin D Concentration to Vitamin D3 Administration in Older Adults without Sun Exposure: A Randomized Double-Blind Trial.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2016Trial
- Are Growing Pains Related to Vitamin D Deficiency? Efficacy of Vitamin D Therapy for Resolution of Symptoms.Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre · 2015Trial
- Vitamin D supplementation for treatment of seasonal affective symptoms in healthcare professionals: a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial.BMC research notes · 2014Trial
- Cutaneous microvascular function is reduced in winter compared with summer in healthy young adults.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- Intervention methods and influencing factors of vitamin D deficiency in Northeast China: a self-controlled trial and randomized controlled trial study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Vitamin D Intake from Foods, Supplements, and Food Sources: Findings from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Mobile Deep Learning System That Calculates UVI Using Illuminance Value of User's Location.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Vitamin D Doses from Solar Ultraviolet and Dietary Intakes in Patients with Depression: Results of a Case-Control Study.Nutrients · 2020Article
- A Review of the Potential Benefits of Increasing Vitamin D Status in Mongolian Adults through Food Fortification and Vitamin D Supplementation.Nutrients · 2019Review
- Estimation of exposure durations for vitamin D production and sunburn risk in Switzerland.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2019Article
- Correlation of selected stress associated factors with vitamin D deficiency in Jordanian men and women.International journal of general medicine · 2019Article
- Impact of Orientation on the Vitamin D Weighted Exposure of a Human in an Urban Environment.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017Article
- Sun exposure, UV irradiance and serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in pregnant women in rural north India.Public health nutrition · 2017Article
- Vitamin D status and associated factors among Portuguese older adults: results from the Nutrition UP 65 cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2017Observational
- Impact of seasonality on the dynamics of native Vitamin D repletion in long-term renal transplant patients.Clinical kidney journal · 2017Article
- The vitamin D deficiency pandemic: Approaches for diagnosis, treatment and prevention.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2017Review
- Vitamin D status and the prevalence of deficiency in lactating women from eight provinces and municipalities in China.PloS one · 2017Article
- Associations of blood pressure, sunlight, and vitamin D in community-dwelling adults.Journal of hypertension · 2016Article
- High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with xeroderma pigmetosum-A under strict sun protection.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSunlight contains UV radiation that affects human health in both detrimental (skin cancers) and beneficial (vitamin D(3)) ways. An evaluation of the vitamin D status of adult Americans (22-40, 41-59, 60+ yr) show many have deficient or insufficient serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, indicating they are not getting enough from dietary sources or sunlight. Those findings are in conflict with calculated values from the American Academy of Dermatology who insist people make "ample" vitamin D(3) (≥1,000 IU/day) from their "casual," or everyday, outdoor UV exposures even if they use sunscreens with sun protection factor 15.
objectiveWe investigated this situation using the everyday outdoor UV doses of indoor-working adult Americans (∼7,000) in the north (45°N) and south (35°N) to calculate how much vitamin D(3) they produce each season with and without vacationing.
resultsOnly during the summer can skin type II Caucasian adults (21-59 yr) meet their minimum (600 IU/day) vitamin D(3) needs from everyday exposures, but only if they do not wear professional clothes or sunscreens (except beach vacations).
methodTo do vitamin D(3) calculations properly, we used action spectrum and geometric conversion factors, not previously incorporated into other calculations.
conclusionsMost adult Americans do not go outside enough to meet their minimum or optimum (≥1,200 IU/day) vitamin D(3) needs all year. The darker skin types (III-VI) and the oldest people (>59 yr) are at the highest risk for not making enough vitamin D(3) during the year from everyday outdoor exposures even with a 2-3 week summer vacation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.