ArticleThe EMBO journal2012
DNA binding to proteolytically activated TLR9 is sequence-independent and enhanced by DNA curvature.
Article in The EMBO journal, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Munc13-4-STX7 inhibitors impair endosomal TLR activation and systemic inflammation.Nature chemical biology · 2026Article
- Regulation of histones in thromboinflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial DNA signals driving immune responses: Why, How, Where?Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
- The Role of Breast Milk Cell-Free DNA in the Regulation of the Neonatal Immune Response.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Synthetic polypeptides inhibit nucleic acid-induced inflammation in autoimmune diseases by disrupting multivalent TLR9 binding to LL37-DNA bundles.Nature nanotechnology · 2024Article
- Targeting Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Gouty Arthritis: Insights into Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Potential.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Review
- Genome-wide CRISPR off-target prediction and optimization using RNA-DNA interaction fingerprints.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Review
- The role of circulating cell-free DNA as an inflammatory mediator after stroke.Seminars in immunopathology · 2023Review
- Neutrophil, neutrophil extracellular traps and endothelial cell dysfunction in sepsis.Clinical and translational medicine · 2023Review
- Nanoparticulate cell-free DNA scavenger for treating inflammatory bone loss in periodontitis.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Insights into innate immune activation via PS-ASO-protein-TLR9 interactions.Nucleic acids research · 2022Article
- Sox4 represses host innate immunity to facilitate pathogen infection by hijacking the TLR signaling networks.Virulence · 2021Article
- Nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs) as molecular tools to direct desirable and avoid undesirable immunological effects.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2021Review
- TLR-9 Plays a Role inFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Equilibrium Binding Model for CpG DNA-Dependent Dimerization of Toll-like Receptor 9 Ectodomain.Biochemistry · 2020Article
- The Trinity of cGAS, TLR9, and ALRs Guardians of the Cellular Galaxy Against Host-Derived Self-DNA.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Molecular and Structural Basis of DNA Sensors in Antiviral Innate Immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Receptor targeting drug delivery strategies and prospects in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.Research in pharmaceutical sciences · 2019Review
- The sensing of mitochondrial DAMPs by non-immune cells.Cell stress · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) recognizes microbial DNA in endolysosomal compartments. The ectodomain of TLR9 must be proteolytically cleaved by endosomal proteases to produce the active receptor capable of inducing an innate immune signal. We show that the cleaved TLR9 ectodomain is a monomer in solution and that DNA ligands with phosphodiester backbones induce TLR9 dimerization in a sequence-independent manner. Ligands with phosphorothioate (PS) backbones induce the formation of large TLR9-DNA aggregates, possibly due to the propensity of PS ligands to self-associate. DNA curvature-inducing proteins including high-mobility group box 1 and histones H2A and H2B significantly enhance TLR9 binding, suggesting that TLR9 preferentially recognizes curved DNA backbones. Our work sheds light on the molecular mechanism of TLR9 activation by endogenous protein-nucleic acid complexes, which are associated with autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.