Trial reportInternational journal of cardiology2013
Effects of enalapril in systolic heart failure patients with and without chronic kidney disease: insights from the SOLVD Treatment trial.
Trial report in International journal of cardiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- 2026 AHA/ACC/ADA/ASN Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2026Guideline
- Pooled it
- Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of diabetic kidney disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Pharmacological interventions for heart failure in people with chronic kidney disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors in hypertensive adults with non-diabetic CKD with or without proteinuria: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2019Pooled it
- Heart failure in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic integrative review.BioMed research international · 2014Pooled it
- Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator in Nonischemic Systolic Heart Failure: Extended Follow-Up of DANISH.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Trial
- Implications of renin-angiotensin-system blocker discontinuation in acute decompensated heart failure with systolic dysfunction.Clinical cardiology · 2019Trial
- Different forms of cardiomyocyte death in post-myocardial infarction ventricular remodeling: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors in Patients With Nonproteinuric Chronic Kidney Disease and Kidney Outcomes: Findings From the CRIC Study.Kidney medicine · 2026Article
- Cardiometabolic Dysregulation and Heart Failure.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Cardiac Effects of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors in Nonproteinuric CKD.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2024Article
- Artificial intelligence approaches for phenotyping heart failure in U.S. Veterans Health Administration electronic health record.ESC heart failure · 2024Article
- An Updated Review of the Management of Chronic Heart Failure in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Review
- Assessment and management of heart failure in patients with chronic kidney disease.Heart failure reviews · 2024Review
- A Case-based Implementation of Heart Failure Therapies, a Consensus Pathway by the Saudi Heart Failure Working Group.Journal of the Saudi Heart Association · 2024Article
- Value of cardiac magnetic resonance on the risk stratification of cardiomyopathies.World journal of cardiology · 2023Review
- Heart Failure in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Renin-Angiotensin Inhibition and Outcomes in HFrEF and Advanced Kidney Disease.The American journal of medicine · 2023Article
- Chronic Kidney Disease as a Comorbidity in Heart Failure.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAngiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors improve outcomes in systolic heart failure (SHF). However, doubts linger about their effect in SHF patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
methodsIn the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) Treatment trial, 2569 ambulatory chronic HF patients with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 35% and serum creatinine level ≤ 2.5mg/dl were randomized to receive either placebo (n=1284) or enalapril (n=1285). Of the 2502 patients with baseline serum creatinine data, 1036 had CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2)).
resultsOverall, during 35 months of median follow-up, all-cause mortality occurred in 40% (502/1252) and 35% (440/1250) of placebo and enalapril patients, respectively (hazard ratio {HR}, 0.84; 95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.74-0.95; p=0.007). All-cause mortality occurred in 45% and 42% of patients with CKD (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.73-1.06; p=0.164), and 36% and 31% of non-CKD patients (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.69-0.98; p=0.028) in the placebo and enalapril groups, respectively (p for interaction=0.615). Enalapril reduced cardiovascular hospitalization in those with CKD (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.66-0.90; p<0.001) and without CKD (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.70-0.91; p<0.001). Among patients in the enalapril group, serum creatinine elevation was significantly higher in those without CKD (0.09 versus 0.04 mg/dl in CKD; p=0.003) during first year of follow-up, but there was no differences in changes in systolic blood pressure (mean drop, 7 mm Hg, both) and serum potassium (mean increase, 0. /L, both).
conclusionsEnalapril reduces mortality and hospitalization in SHF patients without significant heterogeneity between those with and without CKD.
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Registered trials
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