Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22253549›Full record

ArticleClinical epidemiology2011

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease prevalence in Lebanon: a cross-sectional descriptive study.

Mirna Waked, George Khayat, Pascale Salameh

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical epidemiology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
36citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Guideline
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Cross-Sectional Survey of COPD Risk in Undiagnosed Adults in Saudi Arabia Using the Arabic COPD-PS.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2025
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  8. rs6837671A>G inJournal of personalized medicine · 2021
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  9. Article
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  12. Shisha smoking in selected nightclubs in Nigeria.The Pan African medical journal · 2019
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
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  18. Observational
  19. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Mirna WakedSaint George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
George Khayat
Pascale Salameh

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) continues to increase worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of COPD in Lebanese adults.

methodsA cross-sectional study was carried out using a multistage cluster sample from all over Lebanon. Residents aged 40 years and over were enrolled. Subjects underwent baseline spirometry and answered a questionnaire. After an albuterol + ipratropium bromide bronchodilator, a posttest was performed.

resultsOf 2201 individuals, only 33.3% had never smoked. The prevalence of COPD by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease definition, was 9.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.5%-10.9%). According to the 5% lower limit of normal definition of COPD, the prevalence was 12.5% (95% CI: 11.2%-13.9%). A total of 20.2% were already diagnosed by a physician. No differences in symptoms across stages of COPD were found, but there was a significant trend for a higher number of visits to the emergency room and to the doctor (P < 0.001), and a higher number of hospitalizations (P < 0.001). Older individuals had an increased risk of COPD (adjusted odds ratio [OR(a)] = 1.05); so did "ever" cigarette smokers (OR(a) = 4.88) and water-pipe smokers (OR(a) = 2.53).

conclusionThis is the first epidemiological study in Lebanon that determined COPD prevalence and the link with water-pipe smoking.

Indexed as

COPDprevalencewater-pipe smoking

Identifiers

PMID22253549
PMCPMC3257901

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.