ArticleCytokine2012
Natural production and functional effects of alternatively spliced interleukin-4 protein in asthma.
Article in Cytokine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Alternative splicing and cancer: a systematic review.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2021Pooled it
- Article
- Laser Light Therapy in Inflammatory, Musculoskeletal, and Autoimmune Disease.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2019Review
- Transcriptome analysis reveals the role of the PCP pathway in fipronil and endotoxin-induced lung damage.Respiratory research · 2019Article
- Alternative splicing isoforms in health and disease.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2018Review
- Plasma Inflammatory Cytokine IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α Levels Correlate with Pulmonary Function in Patients with Asthma-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Overlap Syndrome.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2016Article
- Elevated expression of NEU1 sialidase in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis provokes pulmonary collagen deposition, lymphocytosis, and fibrosis.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2016Article
- Effect of low-level laser therapy on allergic asthma in rats.Lasers in medical science · 2014Article
- A molecular perspective on TH2-promoting cytokine receptors in patients with allergic disease.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2014Review
- IL-4, JAK-STAT signaling, and pain.JAK-STAT · 2013Review
- Cytokines in chronic respiratory diseases.F1000 biology reports · 2013Article
- Regulation of inflammation by interleukin-4: a review of "alternatives".Journal of leukocyte biology · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We have previously described an alternatively spliced isoform of IL-4 mRNA that omits exon 2 and is termed IL-4δ2. However, the natural production of IL-4δ2 protein and its association with disease have not been previously assessed due to unavailability of an antibody that interacts with IL-4δ2 without cross-reactivity with full length IL-4. We used a unique monoclonal antibody (mAb) that reacts with IL-4δ2, but not with IL-4, and observed that IL-4δ2 is naturally produced by T cells from patients with asthma, but not from healthy controls. The kinetics of IL-4δ2 and IL-4 production by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)/ionomycin-activated cells differed, with IL-4δ2 increasing at 48-72h and IL-4 peaking at 24h. The steady-state levels of IL-4δ2 mRNA varied significantly among the donors and were discordant with the corresponding protein levels, suggesting post-transcriptional regulation of protein production. Polarized Th1 or Th2 lymphocytes were not a major source of IL-4δ2. Stimulation of cultured T lymphocytes with IL-4δ2 caused elevated production of IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF-α, with notable differences between patients and controls in the production of IFN-γ, IL-10, and IL-6. Thus, IL-4δ2 is natively produced not only as mRNA but also as a protein by cells other than Th1 or Th2. It is regulated post-transcriptionally, is associated with allergic asthma, and regulates production of other cytokines by primary T lymphocytes. Alternatively spliced interleukin-4 may be a new biomarker, a pathophysiological player, and possibly a molecular target for future therapies in asthma.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.