ReviewNeuroimmunomodulation2012
Neuroinflammation: a common pathway in CNS diseases as mediated at the blood-brain barrier.
Review in Neuroimmunomodulation, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 139 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
139 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 245 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cytokine aberrations in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2015Pooled it
- ADAM10's combined influence on the diagnostic usefulness of IL 22, IL 10, IL-17 A, and IL-17D in autism spectrum disorders: Predicted role on gut leakiness as co-morbidity.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Article
- Harnessing Regulatory T Cells to Modulate Acute Brain Injury: From Mechanisms to Therapy.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- NOD2 activation reprograms infiltrating inflammatory monocytes in the Zika virus infected CNS to maintain neural correlates of learning and memory.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Detection of inflammation-related blood-brain barrier dysfunction using PET and MR imaging: a pilot study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Brain fatigue in Graves' disease: symptoms and presentation of a possible mechanism at the cellular level.European thyroid journal · 2026Review
- The Hidden Metabolic Roots of Epilepsy.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Gut dysbiosis in people with epilepsy: a dual-site cross-sectional study of enterobacteriaceae patterns and clinical correlates in peri-urban and urban Ghana.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Acute peripheral versus central inhibition of insulin receptors differentially alters cytokine and blood-brain barrier responses to an inflammatory stimulus.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Article
- Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory potential of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) in multiple sclerosis: a review of mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Bridging pathologies: Mechanistic insights into the diabetes-Alzheimer's nexus.EXCLI journal · 2026Review
- The Role of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Epilepsy: Mechanisms and Consequences.Neurology international · 2025Review
- Liraglutide improves depressive and cognitive deficits in a high-fat diet rat model of obesity: the role of hippocampal autophagy and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- The neurobiological foundation of effective repetitive transcranial magnetic brain stimulation in Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Review
- The Brain Fatigue Syndrome-Symptoms, Probable Definition, and Pathophysiological Mechanisms.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Deep immunophenotyping of circulating immune cells in major depressive disorder patients reveals immune correlates of clinical course and treatment response.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Comprehending Alzheimer's Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Treatment Strategies.Current Alzheimer research · 2025Review
- The role of probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics: cellular and molecular pathways activated on glial cells in Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Review
- Models and mechanisms of post-stroke dementia and cognitive impairment.Frontiers in stroke · 2025Article
79 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is not simply a physical barrier but a regulatory interface between the central nervous system (CNS) and immune system. The BBB both affects and is affected by the immune system and connects at many levels with the CNS, including the following: (1) the BBB transports cytokines and secretes various substances with neuroinflammatory properties; (2) transporters are altered in disease states including traumatic injury, Alzheimer's disease and inflammatory processes; (3) cytokines and other immune secretions from the cells comprising the BBB are both constitutive and inducible; (4) immune cells are transported across the BBB by the highly regulated process termed diapedesis, which involves communication and interactions between the brain endothelial cells and the immune cells; (5) the neuroimmune system has various effects on the BBB, including modulation of important transport systems and in extreme pathological conditions even disruption of the BBB, and (6) the brain-to-blood efflux transporter P-glycoprotein is altered in inflammatory conditions, thus affecting drug delivery to the brain. In summary, the BBB is an interactive interface that regulates and defines many of the ways that the CNS and the immune system communicate with one another.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.