ArticleAnnals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials2012
Genotypes and serotype distribution of macrolide resistant invasive and non-invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from Lebanon.
Article in Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nasopharyngeal Carriage, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Serotype Distribution ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- An Overview of Macrolide Resistance in Streptococci: Prevalence, Mobile Elements and Dynamics.Microorganisms · 2022Review
- The Emergence of InvasiveFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Phenotypic and molecular study of pneumococci causing respiratory tract infections. A 3-year prospective cohort.Saudi medical journal · 2017Article
- Prevalence of MDR pathogens of bacterial meningitis in Egypt and new synergistic antibiotic combinations.PloS one · 2017Article
- Resistance to Macrolide Antibiotics in Public Health Pathogens.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2016Review
- Evaluating the Effect of Oxygen Concentrations on Antibiotic Sensitivity, Growth, and Biofilm Formation of Human Pathogens.Microbiology insights · 2016Article
- Macrolide Resistance inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2016Review
- Detection of the efflux-mediated erythromycin resistance transposon in Streptococcus pneumoniae.Annals of laboratory medicine · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis study determined macrolide resistance genotypes in clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from multiple medical centers in Lebanon and assessed the serotype distribution in relation to these mechanism(s) of resistance and the source of isolate recovery.
methodsForty four macrolide resistant and 21 macrolide susceptible S. pneumoniae clinical isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility according to CLSI guidelines (2008) and underwent molecular characterization. Serotyping of these isolates was performed by Multiplex PCR-based serotype deduction using CDC protocols. PCR amplification of macrolide resistant erm (encoding methylase) and mef (encoding macrolide efflux pump protein) genes was carried out.
resultsAmong 44 isolates resistant to erythromycin, 35 were resistant to penicillin and 18 to ceftriaxone. Examination of 44 macrolide resistant isolates by PCR showed that 16 isolates harbored the erm(B) gene, 8 isolates harbored the mef gene, and 14 isolates harbored both the erm(B) and mef genes. There was no amplification by PCR of the erm(B) or mef genes in 6 isolates. Seven different capsular serotypes 2, 9V/9A,12F, 14,19A, 19F, and 23, were detected by multiplex PCR serotype deduction in 35 of 44 macrolide resistant isolates, with 19F being the most prevalent serotype. With the exception of serotype 2, all serotypes were invasive. Isolates belonging to the invasive serotypes 14 and 19F harbored both erm(B) and mef genes. Nine of the 44 macrolide resistant isolates were non-serotypable by our protocols.
conclusionMacrolide resistance in S. pneumoniae in Lebanon is mainly through target site modification but is also mediated through efflux pumps, with serotype 19F having dual resistance and being the most prevalent and invasive.
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