ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2012
Criteria for selection of surrogates used to study the fate and control of pathogens in the environment.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 157 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Dataset for selecting surrogates of emerging biothreat pathogens in laboratory research.Scientific data · 2026Article
- Turbidity and streamflow as real-time indicators of microbial risk for aquatic recreators.Environmental monitoring and assessment · 2026Article
- Virus Capsid Modifications Accompanying Inactivation during Iron Electrocoagulation Revealed by Proteomics, Infrared Spectroscopy, and Molecular Modeling.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Facile Control of a Tailed Virus Surrogate by Iron Conventional Coagulation and Electrocoagulation.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Manipulation of particle microorganism association for improved UV disinfection of surface waters.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Optimization of An Enveloped Virus Surrogate, Bacteriophage Phi6, Recovery from Hands.Food and environmental virology · 2025Article
- Towards the definition of treatment wetland pathogen log reduction credits.The Science of the total environment · 2024Review
- Comparative Removal of Poliovirus, Rotavirus SA11 and MS2 Coliphage by Point-of-Use Devices used to Treat Drinking Water and Water Disinfectants: A Review.Food and environmental virology · 2024Review
- Pathogen validation of small- and large-scale recycled water plants utilizing various clarification and media filtration technologies.Journal of water and health · 2024Article
- Torque Teno Sus Virus 1: A Potential Surrogate Pathogen to Study Pig-Transmitted Transboundary Animal Diseases.Viruses · 2024Article
- Studying the viability and growth kinetics of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis V583 following femtosecond laser irradiation (420-465 nm).Lasers in medical science · 2024Article
- Article
- Surrogates of foodborne and waterborne protozoan parasites: A review.Food and waterborne parasitology · 2023Review
- Environmental Persistence and Disinfection of Lassa Virus.Emerging infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Antiviral activity of nano-monocaprin against Phi6 as a surrogate for SARS-CoV-2.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2023Article
- Towards the standardization ofWater research X · 2022Review
- Assessment of Surface Disinfection Effectiveness of Decontamination System COUNTERFOG® SDR-F05A+ Against Bacteriophage ɸ29.Food and environmental virology · 2022Article
- Evaluation of Biopolymer Materials and Synthesis Techniques to Develop a Rod-Shaped Biopolymer Surrogate forPolymers · 2022Article
- Implementing Silica Nanoparticles in the Study of the Airborne Transmission of SARS-CoV-2.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This article defines the term surrogate as an organism, particle, or substance used to study the fate of a pathogen in a specific environment. Pathogenic organisms, nonpathogenic organisms, and innocuous particles have been used as surrogates for a variety of purposes, including studies on survival and transport as well as for method development and as "indicators" of certain conditions. This article develops a qualitative surrogate attribute prioritization process and allows investigators to select a surrogate by systematically detailing the experimental process and prioritizing attributes. The results are described through the use of case studies of various laboratories that have used this process. This article also discusses the history of surrogate and microbial indicator use and outlines the method by which surrogates can be used when conducting a quantitative microbial risk assessment. The ultimate goal of selecting a sufficiently representative surrogate is to improve public health through a health-based risk assessment framework. Under- or overestimating the resistance, inactivation, or movement may negatively impact risk assessments that, in turn, will impact health assessments and estimated safety levels. Reducing uncertainty in a risk assessment is one of the objectives of using surrogates and the ultimate motive for any experiment investigating potential exposure of a pathogen.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.