ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2012
Occurrence and persistence of bacterial pathogens and indicator organisms in beach sand along the California coast.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed.
- Proliferation of enterococci in sargassum can contribute towards sand and water quality impairment.Environmental monitoring and assessment · 2026Article
- A Review of the Human Health Risks from Microbial Hazards in Recreational Beach Sand.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Review
- Water Parameters Predicting the Seasonal and Spatial Dynamics of the Vibrio Harveyi- and Splendidus-Clade Pathogens.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Quantitative microbial risk assessment of acute gastrointestinal illness attributable to freshwater recreation in Ontario.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2025Article
- Examining the potential impacts of a coastal renourishment project on the presence and abundance of Escherichia coli.PloS one · 2024Article
- Salmonella enterica Serovar Diversity, Distribution, and Prevalence in Public-Access Waters from a Central California Coastal Leafy Green-Growing Region from 2011 to 2016.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2022Article
- Climate Change Impacts on Microbiota in Beach Sand and Water: Looking Ahead.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Waterborne Isolates ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Monitoring Urban Beach Quality on a Summer Day: Determination of the Origin of Fecal Indicator Bacteria and Antimicrobial Resistance at Prophète Beach, Marseille (France).Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and public fomites: a review.Pathogens and global health · 2020Review
- Fecal pollution source characterization at non-point source impacted beaches under dry and wet weather conditions.Water research · 2020Article
- Article
- Persistence and Decay of Fecal Microbiota in Aquatic Habitats.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2019Review
- Detection and occurrence of indicator organisms and pathogens.Water environment research : a research publication of the Water Environment Federation · 2019Review
- Evidence of Genetic Fecal Marker Interactions between Water Column and Periphyton in Artificial Streams.ACS omega · 2018Article
- Prevalence and Characterization ofGeoHealth · 2017Article
- Coliphages and Gastrointestinal Illness in Recreational Waters: Pooled Analysis of Six Coastal Beach Cohorts.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2017Article
- Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Recreational Waters and Beach Sand in Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017Article
- Bacteriophages as indicators of faecal pollution and enteric virus removal.Letters in applied microbiology · 2017Review
- Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus in Goose Feces from State Parks in Northeast Ohio.EcoHealth · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This report documents the presence of fecal indicators and bacterial pathogens in sand at 53 California marine beaches using both culture-dependent and -independent (PCR and quantitative PCR [QPCR]) methods. Fecal indicator bacteria were widespread in California beach sand, with Escherichia coli and enterococci detected at 68% and 94% of the beaches surveyed, respectively. Somatic coliphages and a Bacteroidales human-specific fecal marker were detected at 43% and 13% of the beaches, respectively. Dry sand samples from almost 30% of the beaches contained at least one of the following pathogens: Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which were detected at 15%, 13%, 14%, and 3% of tested beaches, respectively. Fecal indicators and pathogens were poorly correlated to one another and to land cover. Sands were dry at the time of collection, and those with relatively high moisture tended to have higher concentrations or a more frequent occurrence of both indicators and pathogens. Using culture-dependent assays, fecal indicators decayed faster than pathogens in microcosm experiments using unaltered beach sand seeded with sewage and assessed by culture-dependent assays. The following order of persistence was observed (listed from most to least persistent): Campylobacter > Salmonella > somatic coliphages > enterococci > E. coli > F(+) phages. In contrast, pathogens decayed faster than fecal indicators in culture-independent assays: enterococci > Bacteroidales human-specific marker > Salmonella > Campylobacter. Microcosm experiments demonstrated that both indicators and pathogens were mobilized by wetting with seawater. Decay rates measured by QPCR were lower than those measured with culture-dependent methods. Enterococcal persistence and possible growth were observed for wetted microcosms relative to unwetted controls.
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Registered trials
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