ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2012
Influenza and community-acquired pneumonia interactions: the impact of order and time of infection on population patterns.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- The Recent Increase in Invasive Bacterial Infections: A Report From the National COVID Cohort Collaborative.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2025Article
- The relationship between neighborhood economic deprivation and community-acquired pneumonia related admissions in Maryland.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Sex-differences in incidence of hospitalizations and in hospital mortality of community-acquired pneumonia among children in Spain: a population-based study.European journal of pediatrics · 2022Article
- Lethal synergy between SARS-CoV-2 and Streptococcus pneumoniae in hACE2 mice and protective efficacy of vaccination.JCI insight · 2022Article
- Interactions among 17 respiratory pathogens: a cross-sectional study using clinical and community surveillance data.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2022Article
- Human Influenza Epidemiology.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2021Review
- Intranasal Vaccine Delivery Technology for Respiratory Tract Disease Application with a Special Emphasis on Pneumococcal Disease.Vaccines · 2021Review
- Application of Optimal Control to Influenza Pneumonia Coinfection with Antiviral Resistance.Computational and mathematical methods in medicine · 2020Article
- Estimating age-stratified influenza-associated invasive pneumococcal disease in England: A time-series model based on population surveillance data.PLoS medicine · 2019Article
- Estimating severity of influenza epidemics from severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in intensive care units.Critical care (London, England) · 2018Article
- Review
- Review
- Construction of the influenza A virus transmission tree in a college-based population: co-transmission and interactions between influenza A viruses.BMC infectious diseases · 2016Article
- The impact of coinfections and their simultaneous transmission on antigenic diversity and epidemic cycling of infectious diseases.BioMed research international · 2014Article
- Article
- Assessing pneumococcal meningitis association with viral respiratory infections and antibiotics: insights from statistical and mathematical models.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2013Article
- Impact of respiratory viral infections on α-hemolytic streptococci and otopathogens in the nasopharynx of young children.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Discoveries made during the 1918 influenza A pandemic and reports of severe disease associated with coinfection during the 2009 hemagglutinin type 1 and neuraminidase type 1 (commonly known as H1N1 or swine flu) pandemic have renewed interest in the role of coinfection in disease pathogenesis. The authors assessed how various timings of coinfection with influenza virus and pneumonia-causing bacteria could affect the severity of illness at multiple levels of interaction, including the biologic and population levels. Animal studies most strongly support a single pathway of coinfection with influenza inoculation occurring approximately 7 days before inoculation with Streptococcus pneumoniae, but less-examined pathways of infection also may be important for human disease. The authors discussed the implications of each pathway for disease prevention and what they would expect to see at the population level if there were sufficient data available. Lastly, the authors identified crucial gaps in the study of timing of coinfection and proposed related research questions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.