ArticleNeuropsychologia2012
Age-related differences in memory and executive functions in healthy APOE ɛ4 carriers: the contribution of individual differences in prefrontal volumes and systolic blood pressure.
Article in Neuropsychologia, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prefrontal cortex and executive functions in healthy adults: a meta-analysis of structural neuroimaging studies.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2014Pooled it
- Trial
- Effects of age and APOE ϵ4 genotype on the relationship between pulse pressure and executive function in older adults without dementia.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2026Article
- Proof-of-concept study: APOE4 brain endothelial cells as a phenotypic compound screen.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Article
- Association Between Carotid Atherosclerosis and Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Mild Ischemic Stroke: A Prospective Cohort Study.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Variation in brain aging: A review and perspective on the utility of individualized approaches to the study of functional networks in aging.Neurobiology of aging · 2025Review
- Eight brain structures mediate the age-related alterations of the working memory: forward and backward digit span tasks.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Instructing Use of an Effective Strategy Improves Recognition Memory in Healthy Adults.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2023Article
- The Mediating Role of Inflammation in the Relationship Between α-Synuclein and Cognitive Functioning.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2023Article
- Systolic Blood Pressure Is Associated with Increased Brain Amyloid Load in Mild Cognitively Impaired Participants: Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiatives Study.Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders · 2023Article
- Determinants of cognitive impairment in multiple system atrophy: Clinical and genetic study.PloS one · 2022Article
- Association between Blood Pressure, Blood Pressure Variability, and Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment.Biomedicines · 2021Review
- Exercise as Potential Therapeutic Target to Modulate Alzheimer's Disease Pathology in APOE ε4 Carriers: A Systematic Review.Cardiology and therapy · 2021Review
- Higher Blood Pressure is Associated with Greater White Matter Lesions and Brain Atrophy: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Deletion of P110δ promotes the development of myocarditis in ApoE‑deficient mice by increasing mononuclear cell peritoneal infiltration.Molecular medicine reports · 2020Article
- APOE ε4 and the Influence of Sex, Age, Vascular Risk Factors, and Ethnicity on Cognitive Decline.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2020Article
- Molecular Pathogenesis and Interventional Strategies for Alzheimer's Disease: Promises and Pitfalls.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2020Review
- APOE-MS4A genetic interactions are associated with executive dysfunction and network abnormality in clinically mild Alzheimer's disease.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2019Article
- Brain Aging and APOE ε4 Interact to Reveal Potential Neuronal Compensation in Healthy Older Adults.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2018Article
- Associations of Pulse and Blood Pressure with Hippocampal Volume by APOE and Cognitive Phenotype: The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI).Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Advanced age and vascular risk are associated with declines in the volumes of multiple brain regions, especially the prefrontal cortex, and the hippocampus. Older adults, even unencumbered by declining health, perform less well than their younger counterparts in multiple cognitive domains, such as episodic memory, executive functions, and speed of perceptual processing. Presence of a known genetic risk factor for cognitive decline and vascular disease, the ɛ4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene, accounts for some share of those declines; however, the extent of the joint contribution of genetic and physiological vascular risk factors on the aging brain and cognition is unclear. In a sample of healthy adults (age 19-77), we examined the effects of a vascular risk indicator (systolic blood pressure, SBP) and volumes of hippocampus (HC), lateral prefrontal cortex (lPFC), and prefrontal white matter (pFWM) on processing speed, working memory (WM), and recognition memory. Using path analyses, we modeled indirect effects of age, SBP, and brain volumes on processing speed, WM, and memory and compared the patterns of structural relations among those variables in APOE ɛ4 carriers and ɛ3 homozygotes. Among ɛ4 carriers, age differences in WM were explained by increase in SBP, reduced FWM volume, and slower processing. In contrast, lPFC and FWM volumes, but not BP, explained a share of age differences in WM among ɛ3 homozygotes. Thus, even in healthy older carriers of the APOE ɛ4 allele, clinically unremarkable increase in vascular risk may be associated with reduced frontal volumes and impaired cognitive functions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.