ArticleThe British journal of dermatology2012
The interferon-regulated gene signature is elevated in subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus and discoid lupus erythematosus and correlates with the cutaneous lupus area and severity index score.
Article in The British journal of dermatology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 90 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 175 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trends and collaborations in discoid lupus erythematosus research: a bibliometric analysis from 2010 to 2024.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Litifilimab efficacy on skin outcomes in cutaneous lupus erythematosus in the Phase 2 LILAC study.Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2026Trial
- Pharmacodynamic Effects of Litifilimab in Lupus in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2 Study: Rapid and Sustained Reductions in Type I Interferon-Associated Gene Expression and Cytokines.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Trial
- Enpatoran, a first-in-class, selective, orally administered toll-like receptor 7/8 inhibitor, in systemic and cutaneous lupus erythematosus: results from a randomised, placebo-controlled phase Ib study.Lupus science & medicine · 2025Trial
- Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a topical SYK inhibitor in cutaneous lupus erythematosus: A double-blind Phase Ib study.Experimental dermatology · 2021Trial
- Monoclonal antibody targeting BDCA2 ameliorates skin lesions in systemic lupus erythematosus.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2019Trial
- Brief Report: Pharmacodynamics, Safety, and Clinical Efficacy of AMG 811, a Human Anti-Interferon-γ Antibody, in Patients With Discoid Lupus Erythematosus.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2017Trial
- Anifrolumab in Refractory Discoid Lupus Erythematosus without Systemic Involvement: A Case Series of Five Patients.Acta dermato-venereologica · 2026Article
- Microarray Gene Expression Analysis of Lesional Skin in Canine Vesicular Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (VCLE).Veterinary dermatology · 2026Article
- Mucosal-associated invariant T cells support IL-15-dependent Treg response in skin injury and promote resolution of skin inflammation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Targeting TYK2 in Cutaneous Autoimmunity: Deucravacitinib-Induced Remission of Discoid Lupus and Psoriasis with Supportive Confocal Microscopy Findings.Dermatology and therapy · 2026Article
- Anifrolumab for rituximab-induced SCLE and cryoglobulinemic vasculitis in primary Sjögren's disease: a case report.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Neuronal TDP-43 pathology drives astrocytic interferon response in a mouse model of ALS.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Anifrolumab for refractory chilblain lupus erythematosus.International journal of women's dermatology · 2025Article
- Anifrolumab for Nonsystemic Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus: Clinical Experience, Immunologic Insights, and Review of the Literature.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Nonlesional Skin and Blood Interferon Scores Among Patients With a History of Cutaneous Lupus.JAMA dermatology · 2025Article
- Induction of LY6E regulates interleukin-1β production, potentially contributing to the immunopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Synovitis and its association with elevated circulating interferons and hydroxychloroquine response in discoid lupus erythematosus: a cross-sectional study.Rheumatology international · 2025Article
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThere is increased expression of type I interferon (IFN)-regulated proteins in the blood and target tissues of patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Patients with SLE have increased IFN-regulated gene expression pointing towards a possible underlying genetic defect.
objectivesTo determine expression levels of five type I IFN-regulated genes that are highly expressed in SLE in the peripheral blood of patients with CLE and to correlate the expression levels with cutaneous disease activity.
methodsPeripheral blood was obtained from 10 healthy controls and 30 patients with CLE, including eight with concomitant SLE. Total RNA was extracted and reverse transcribed into complementary DNA. Gene expression levels were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Gene expression was normalized to GAPDH, standardized to healthy controls and then summed to calculate an IFN score for each patient. Disease activity was assessed with the Cutaneous Lupus Area and Severity Index (CLASI).
resultsPatients with subacute CLE (SCLE) and discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) had elevated IFN scores compared with healthy controls regardless of concomitant SLE (P < 0·01 with SLE and P < 0·05 without SLE). There was no difference between patients with tumid lupus erythematosus (TLE) and healthy controls. The IFN score correlated with CLASI scores (Spearman's rho = 0·55, P = 0·0017).
conclusionsPatients with SCLE and DLE have an IFN signature, as seen in SLE. The level of gene expression correlates with cutaneous disease activity. These findings support a shared pathogenesis between SLE and some subtypes of CLE.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.