ArticlePLoS pathogens2011
Identification and characterization of a novel non-structural protein of bluetongue virus.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 147 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
147 citing papers in PubMed, 260 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bluetongue virus: current perspectives on characterisation and the need to formalise nomenclature in an era of rapidly evolving technology.The Journal of general virology · 2026Review
- Molecular Epidemiological Characteristics and Genetic Evolution of Bluetongue Virus in Yunnan Province, China.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Secreted Nonstructural Protein 3 is a Pathogenic Determinant of Orbivirus.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Isolation and Identification of Emerging Equine Encephalosis Virus Serotype 6 in Israel, 2023.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A Molecular and Structural Perspective on Bluetongue Virus Entry and Assembly.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Glycosylated NS3/NS3A protein of bluetongue virus facilitates efficient viral egress via lipid raft anchoring.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic Analysis of the Antiviral Responses in Ovine Type II Alveolar Epithelial Cells During Early Stage of Bluetongue Virus Infection.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Safety and Efficacy of Plant-Produced Trivalent Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Candidate Against Bluetongue Disease.Plant biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Rapid Quantification of Bluetongue Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies Using Bioluminescent Reporter-Expressing Viruses.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Insect-borne non-enveloped bluetongue virus utilizes discrete small vesicles for non-lytic release and cell-to-cell transmission.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Monoclonal antibody and B-cell epitope mapping of the VP7 protein in bluetongue virus.Virology journal · 2025Article
- The MVA-VP2-NS1-2A-NS2-Nt vaccine candidate provides heterologous protection in sheep against bluetongue virus.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Preliminary investigation reveals novel pathological consequences of bluetongue virus-1 infection in the endocrine glands of pregnant Indian sheep.Animal biotechnology · 2024Article
- In Silico Development of a Multi-Epitope Subunit Vaccine against Bluetongue Virus inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Correlates of disease severity in bluetongue as a model of acute arbovirus infection.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Epidemiological exploration of fleas and molecular identification of flea-borne viruses in Egyptian small ruminants.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Genome sequences of the 15 bluetongue virus vaccine strains incorporated in the South African live-attenuated vaccine.Microbiology resource announcements · 2024Article
- Engineering recombinant replication-competent bluetongue viruses expressing reporter genes forMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Assessing Reassortment between Bluetongue Virus Serotypes 10 and 17 at Different Coinfection Ratios inViruses · 2024Article
87 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Bluetongue virus (BTV) is the causative agent of a major disease of livestock (bluetongue). For over two decades, it has been widely accepted that the 10 segments of the dsRNA genome of BTV encode for 7 structural and 3 non-structural proteins. The non-structural proteins (NS1, NS2, NS3/NS3a) play different key roles during the viral replication cycle. In this study we show that BTV expresses a fourth non-structural protein (that we designated NS4) encoded by an open reading frame in segment 9 overlapping the open reading frame encoding VP6. NS4 is 77-79 amino acid residues in length and highly conserved among several BTV serotypes/strains. NS4 was expressed early post-infection and localized in the nucleoli of BTV infected cells. By reverse genetics, we showed that NS4 is dispensable for BTV replication in vitro, both in mammalian and insect cells, and does not affect viral virulence in murine models of bluetongue infection. Interestingly, NS4 conferred a replication advantage to BTV-8, but not to BTV-1, in cells in an interferon (IFN)-induced antiviral state. However, the BTV-1 NS4 conferred a replication advantage both to a BTV-8 reassortant containing the entire segment 9 of BTV-1 and to a BTV-8 mutant with the NS4 identical to the homologous BTV-1 protein. Collectively, this study suggests that NS4 plays an important role in virus-host interaction and is one of the mechanisms played, at least by BTV-8, to counteract the antiviral response of the host. In addition, the distinct nucleolar localization of NS4, being expressed by a virus that replicates exclusively in the cytoplasm, offers new avenues to investigate the multiple roles played by the nucleolus in the biology of the cell.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.