ArticlePLoS pathogens2011
Eurasian-origin gene segments contribute to the transmissibility, aerosol release, and morphology of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 142 papers.
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Who cites it
142 citing papers in PubMed.
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- Divergent pathogenic mechanisms of influenza A and influenza B viruses.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Filamentous morphology of influenza A virus confers enhanced stability in aerosols.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Defining the transmissible dose 50% for two pandemic influenza viruses in ferrets.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Molecular architecture of Influenza A virions.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Fatal human H3N8 influenza virus has a moderate pandemic risk.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Advancing A(H5N1) influenza risk assessment in ferrets through comparative evaluation of airborne virus shedding patterns.Nature communications · 2026Article
- SREBP2-dependent lipid droplet formation enhances viral replication and deteriorates lung injury in mice following IAV infection.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Eurasian 1C swine influenza A virus exhibits high pandemic risk traits.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Fatal Human H3N8 Influenza Virus has a Moderate Pandemic Risk.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Implications of morphological variation in influenza viruses.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- Vital Role of PINK1/Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy of Pulmonary Epithelial Cells in Severe Pneumonia Induced by IAV and SecondaryInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Molecular patterns of matrix protein 1 (M1): A strong predictor of adaptive evolution in H9N2 avian influenza viruses.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Evolutionary dynamics and molecular epidemiology of H1N1 pandemic 2009 influenza A viruses across swine farms in Denmark.Virus evolution · 2025Article
- Influenza A(H5N1) shedding in air corresponds to transmissibility in mammals.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Potential pandemic risk of circulating swine H1N2 influenza viruses.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Molecular Markers and Mechanisms of Influenza A Virus Cross-Species Transmission and New Host Adaptation.Viruses · 2024Review
- Novel influenza A viruses in pigs with zoonotic potential, Chile.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Article
82 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The epidemiological success of pandemic and epidemic influenza A viruses relies on the ability to transmit efficiently from person-to-person via respiratory droplets. Respiratory droplet (RD) transmission of influenza viruses requires efficient replication and release of infectious influenza particles into the air. The 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) virus originated by reassortment of a North American triple reassortant swine (TRS) virus with a Eurasian swine virus that contributed the neuraminidase (NA) and M gene segments. Both the TRS and Eurasian swine viruses caused sporadic infections in humans, but failed to spread from person-to-person, unlike the pH1N1 virus. We evaluated the pH1N1 and its precursor viruses in a ferret model to determine the contribution of different viral gene segments on the release of influenza virus particles into the air and on the transmissibility of the pH1N1 virus. We found that the Eurasian-origin gene segments contributed to efficient RD transmission of the pH1N1 virus likely by modulating the release of influenza viral RNA-containing particles into the air. All viruses replicated well in the upper respiratory tract of infected ferrets, suggesting that factors other than viral replication are important for the release of influenza virus particles and transmission. Our studies demonstrate that the release of influenza viral RNA-containing particles into the air correlates with increased NA activity. Additionally, the pleomorphic phenotype of the pH1N1 virus is dependent upon the Eurasian-origin gene segments, suggesting a link between transmission and virus morphology. We have demonstrated that the viruses are released into exhaled air to varying degrees and a constellation of genes influences the transmissibility of the pH1N1 virus.
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