ArticlePloS one2012
Central action of peripherally applied botulinum toxin type A on pain and dural protein extravasation in rat model of trigeminal neuropathy.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Trial
- The Use of Botulinum Toxin in the Management of Headache Disorders.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2021Trial
- Botulinum toxin type A for neuropathic pain in patients with spinal cord injury.Annals of neurology · 2016Trial
- Botulinum toxin-type A: could it be an effective treatment option in intractable trigeminal neuralgia?The journal of headache and pain · 2013Trial
- Effects of IncobotulinumtoxinA in the Infraorbital Nerve Chronic Constriction Injury Model of Trigeminal Pain in Rats.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Neurochemical Changes Following Botulinum Toxin Type A in Chronic Migraine: An LC-MS/MS and HPLC Evaluation of Plasma and Urinary Biomarkers.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Central and Peripheral Sensitization in Temporomandibular Disorders: Proposed Mechanisms of Botulinum Toxin Therapy.Toxins · 2026Review
- The effect of recombinant botulinum neurotoxin A on neuropathic pain in the spared nerve injury mouse model.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Article
- Updates on the Proposed Botulinum Toxin A Mechanisms of Action in Orofacial Pain: A Review of Animal Studies.Toxins · 2025Review
- Review
- Botulinum Toxin: A Comprehensive Review of Its Molecular Architecture and Mechanistic Action.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Neurobiological mechanisms of botulinum neurotoxin-induced analgesia for neuropathic pain.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2024Review
- Review
- Botulinum toxin type A for genitofemoral neuralgia: A case report.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- The association between onabotulinumtoxinA and anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies: a reliable option for the optimal treatment of chronic migraine.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2022Review
- Antinociceptive Actions of Botulinum Toxin A1 on Immunogenic Hypersensitivity in Temporomandibular Joint of Rats.Toxins · 2022Article
- Article
- Botulinum Neurotoxins in Central Nervous System: An Overview from Animal Models to Human Therapy.Toxins · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInfraorbital nerve constriction (IoNC) is an experimental model of trigeminal neuropathy. We investigated if IoNC is accompanied by dural extravasation and if botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) can reduce pain and dural extravasation in this model. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsRats which developed mechanical allodynia 14 days after the IoNC were injected with BoNT/A (3.5 U/kg) into vibrissal pad. Allodynia was tested by von Frey filaments and dural extravasation was measured as colorimetric absorbance of Evans blue-plasma protein complexes. Presence of dural extravasation was also examined in orofacial formalin-induced pain. Unilateral IoNC, as well as formalin injection, produced bilateral dural extravasation. Single unilateral BoNT/A injection bilaterally reduced IoNC induced dural extravasation, as well as allodynia (lasting more than 2 weeks). Similarly, BoNT/A reduced formalin-induced pain and dural extravasation. Effects of BoNT/A on pain and dural extravasation in IoNC model were dependent on axonal transport through sensory neurons, as evidenced by colchicine injections (5 mM, 2 µl) into the trigeminal ganglion completely preventing BoNT/A effects. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Two different types of pain, IoNC and formalin, are accompanied by dural extravasation. The lasting effect of a unilateral injection of BoNT/A in experimental animals suggests that BoNT/A might have a long-term beneficial effect in craniofacial pain associated with dural neurogenic inflammation. Bilateral effects of BoNT/A and dependence on retrograde axonal transport suggest a central site of its action.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.