ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2012
The living eye "disarms" uncommitted autoreactive T cells by converting them to Foxp3(+) regulatory cells following local antigen recognition.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune checkpoints in a genetically engineered mouse model of spontaneous autoimmune uveitis.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- The Immunopathogenesis of uveitis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Spontaneous organ-specific eye autoimmune disease resulting from two engineered gene mutations compromising immune tolerance.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- A method for distinguishing and separating retinal microglia from infiltrating macrophages during an ocular inflammatory event.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The Role of Retinal Antigen-Presenting Cells in Spontaneous Retinal Autoimmunity.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Ocular immune privilege in action: The living eye imposes unique regulatory and anergic gene signatures on uveitogenic T cells.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Vitamin A is necessary for acquisition, but not for expression or progression, of CNS autoimmunity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- CTLA-4 expression on tregs is needed for suppression of autoimmune uveitis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Breach and restoration of retinal immune privilege: barrier failure, innate dysregulation, and adaptive autoimmunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Imaging the eye as a window to brain health: frontier approaches and future directions.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Review
- TIGIT stimulation suppresses autoimmune uveitis by inhibiting Th17 cell infiltration.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2024Article
- Immunoregulatory Properties of Immune Cells that Associate with the Lens Capsule Surface during Acute and Resolution Phases of Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis.The American journal of pathology · 2024Article
- Assessing the role of T cells in response to retinal injury to uncover new therapeutic targets for the treatment of retinal degeneration.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- Parabiosis reveals the correlation between the recruitment of circulating antigen presenting cells to the retina and the induction of spontaneous autoimmune uveoretinitis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Article
- Mucosal immunology of the ocular surface.Mucosal immunology · 2022Review
- A Comprehensive Understanding of Choroidal Metastasis from Lung Cancer.OncoTargets and therapy · 2021Review
- Ocular Paraneoplastic Syndromes.Biomedicines · 2020Review
- The role of lymphocytes and phagocytes in age-related macular degeneration (AMD).Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2020Review
- Immune Privilege: The Microbiome and Uveitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Resolution of uveitis.Seminars in immunopathology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immune privilege is used by the eye, brain, reproductive organs, and gut to preserve structural and functional integrity in the face of inflammation. The eye is arguably the most vulnerable and, therefore, also the most "privileged" of tissues; paradoxically, it remains subject to destructive autoimmunity. It has been proposed, although never proven in vivo, that the eye can induce T regulatory cells (Tregs) locally. Using Foxp3-GFP reporter mice expressing a retina-specific TCR, we now show that uncommitted T cells rapidly convert in the living eye to Foxp3(+) Tregs in a process involving retinal Ag recognition, de novo Foxp3 induction, and proliferation. This takes place within the ocular tissue and is supported by retinoic acid, which is normally present in the eye because of its function in the chemistry of vision. Nonconverted T cells showed evidence of priming but appeared restricted from expressing effector function in the eye. Pre-existing ocular inflammation impeded conversion of uncommitted T cells into Tregs. Importantly, retina-specific T cells primed in vivo before introduction into the eye were resistant to Treg conversion in the ocular environment and, instead, caused severe uveitis. Thus, uncommitted T cells can be disarmed, but immune privilege is unable to protect from uveitogenic T cells that have acquired effector function prior to entering the eye. These findings shed new light on the phenomenon of immune privilege and on its role, as well as its limitations, in actively controlling immune responses in the tissue.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.