ArticleImmunology2012
Differential regulation of acid sphingomyelinase in macrophages stimulated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and oxidized LDL immune complexes: role in phagocytosis and cytokine release.
Article in Immunology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Lipid Oxidation Products on Inflammation and Insulin Resistance: A Focus on Mechanisms of Action.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2025Review
- Exosomes in infectious diseases: insights into leishmaniasis pathogenesis, immune modulation, and therapeutic potential.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Podocyte-specific silencing of acid sphingomyelinase gene to abrogate hyperhomocysteinemia-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and glomerular inflammation.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2024Article
- Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Immunity and Host Defense.Immunological investigations · 2024Review
- Review
- Extracellular Vesicles as an Advanced Delivery Biomaterial for Precision Cancer Immunotherapy.Advanced healthcare materials · 2022Review
- Acid Sphingomyelinase Deficiency: A Clinical and Immunological Perspective.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Synergistic effects of EMPs and PMPs on pulmonary vascular leakage and lung injury after ischemia/reperfusion.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2020Article
- Antioxidant and Cell Proliferation Properties of the Vietnamese Traditional Medicinal PlantMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- The Messenger Apps of the cell: Extracellular Vesicles as Regulatory Messengers of Microglial Function in the CNS.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2020Review
- Review
- Medial calcification in the arterial wall of smooth muscle cell-specific Smpd1 transgenic mice: A ceramide-mediated vasculopathy.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2020Article
- TBC1D3 regulates the payload and biological activity of extracellular vesicles that mediate tissue repair.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2019Article
- Exosomes from nicotine-stimulated macrophages accelerate atherosclerosis through miR-21-3p/PTEN-mediated VSMC migration and proliferation.Theranostics · 2019Article
- Role of sphingolipids in the biogenesis and biological activity of extracellular vesicles.Journal of lipid research · 2018Review
- Extracellular vesicles as emerging targets in cancer: Recent development from bench to bedside.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer · 2017Review
- Ceramide activation of RhoA/Rho kinase impairs actin polymerization during aggregated LDL catabolism.Journal of lipid research · 2017Article
- Acid sphingomyelinase mediates human CD4Cell death & disease · 2017Review
- Emerging role of exosome-mediated intercellular communication in vascular remodeling.Oncotarget · 2017Review
- Aging and serum exomiR content in women-effects of estrogenic hormone replacement therapy.Scientific reports · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and oxLDL-containing immune complexes (oxLDL-IC) contribute to the formation of lipid-laden macrophages (foam cells). Fcγ receptors mediate uptake of oxLDL-IC, whereas scavenger receptors internalize oxLDL. We have previously reported that oxLDL-IC, but not free oxLDL, activate macrophages and prolong their survival. Sphingomyelin is a major constituent of cell membranes and lipoprotein particles and acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) hydrolyses sphingomyelin to generate the bioactive lipid ceramide. ASMase exists in two forms: lysosomal (L-ASMase) and secretory (S-ASMase). In this study we examined whether oxLDL and oxLDL-IC regulate ASMase differently, and whether ASMase mediates monocyte/macrophage activation and cytokine release. The oxLDL-IC, but not oxLDL, induced early and consistent release of catalytically active S-ASMase. The oxLDL-IC also consistently stimulated L-ASMase activity, whereas oxLDL induced a rapid transient increase in L-ASMase activity before it steadily declined below baseline. Prolonged exposure to oxLDL increased L-ASMase activity; however, activity remained significantly lower than that induced by oxLDL-IC. Further studies were aimed at defining the function of the activated ASMase. In response to oxLDL-IC, heat-shock protein 70B' (HSP70B') was up-regulated and localized with redistributed ASMase in the endosomal compartment outside the lysosome. Treatment with oxLDL-IC induced the formation and release of HSP70-containing and IL-1β-containing exosomes via an ASMase-dependent mechanism. Taken together, the results suggest that oxLDL and oxLDL-IC differentially regulate ASMase activity, and the pro-inflammatory responses to oxLDL-IC are mediated by prolonged activation of ASMase. These findings may contribute to increased understanding of mechanisms mediating macrophage involvement in atherosclerosis.
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Registered trials
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