ArticleClinical and experimental immunology2012
Cytokine profile and induction of T helper type 17 and regulatory T cells by human peripheral mononuclear cells after microbial exposure.
Article in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of probiotics on salivary cytokines and immunoglobulines: a systematic review and meta-analysis on clinical trials.Scientific reports · 2020Pooled it
- The use of probiotics in pediatric gastroenterology: a review of the literature and recommendations by Latin-American experts.Paediatric drugs · 2015Pooled it
- The Assessment of Multidimensional Clinical, Biological and Patient-Reported Outcomes to Evaluate the Efficacy of Add-OnNutrients · 2026Trial
- Safety of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (B. lactis) strain BB-12-supplemented yogurt in healthy adults on antibiotics: a phase I safety study.Gut microbes · 2015Trial
- Effects of anti-aging diets and exercise on age-related musculoskeletal diseases via gut microbiota modulation.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Roles of gut metabolites on bone mineralization and remodeling: impact of metabolic dysregulation on the gut-immune-bone axis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis BL-99 Improves Maternal and Fetal Immune Responses and Pregnancy Outcomes in Pregnant Antibiotics-Treated Mice.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2025Article
- Female Genital Tract Host Factors and Tenofovir and Lamivudine Active Metabolites.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Molecular Mechanisms ofMicroorganisms · 2024Review
- Role of the portal system in liver regeneration: From molecular mechanisms to clinical management.Liver research (Beijing, China) · 2024Review
- MixedFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Review and Perspectives onMicroorganisms · 2023Review
- Probiotics and Postbiotics as an Alternative to Antibiotics: An Emphasis on Pigs.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Exercise and the Underlying Mechanisms.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Article
- The role of gut microbiota in liver regeneration.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Effect and Mechanism ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- The Effects of Single Strains and Mixtures of Probiotic Bacteria on Immune Profile in Liver, Spleen, and Peripheral Blood.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Immunomodulatory Effect of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Streptococcus Strains of Paraprobiotics in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Inflammatory Responses in RAW-264.7 Macrophages.Current microbiology · 2021Article
- Enumeration of Probiotic Strain Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) Using Viability Real-time PCR.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The immunomodulatory effects of probiotics were assessed following exposure of normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), cord blood cells and the spleen-derived monocyte/macrophage cell line CRL-9850 to Lactobacillus acidophilus LAVRI-A1, Lb. rhamnosus GG, exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus St1275, Bifidobacteriun longum BL536, B. lactis B94 and Escherichia coli TG1 strains. The production of a panel of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines by PBMC following bacterial stimulation was measured, using live, heat-killed or mock gastrointestinal tract (GIT)-exposed bacteria, and results show that (i) all bacterial strains investigated induced significant secretion of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines from PBMC-derived monocytes/macrophages; and (ii) cytokine levels increased relative to the expansion of bacterial cell numbers over time for cells exposed to live cultures. Bifidobacteria and S. thermophilus stimulated significant concentrations of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, an interleukin necessary for the differentiation of regulatory T cells (T(reg) )/T helper type 17 (Th17) cells and, as such, the study further examined the induction of Th17 and T(reg) cells after PBMC exposure to selected bacteria for 96 h. Data show a significant increase in the numbers of both cell types in the exposed populations, measured by cell surface marker expression and by cytokine production. Probiotics have been shown to induce cytokines from a range of immune cells following ingestion of these organisms. These studies suggest that probiotics' interaction with immune-competent cells produces a cytokine milieu, exerting immunomodulatory effects on local effector cells, as well as potently inducing differentiation of Th17 and T(reg) cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.