ArticlePloS one2012
γ-Tubulin 2 nucleates microtubules and is downregulated in mouse early embryogenesis.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genomic insights into stroke recovery: cross-phenotype associations.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Colchicine-BODIPY Probes: Evidence for the Involvement of Intracellular Membranes in the Targeting of Colchicine to Tubulin.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2025Article
- Regulation of microtubule nucleation in glioblastoma cells by ARF GTPase-activating proteins GIT1 and GIT2 and protein kinase C.Cancer cell international · 2025Article
- Regulation of microtubule nucleation in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells by ARF GTPase-activating protein GIT2.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Chemogenetic profiling reveals PP2A-independent cytotoxicity of proposed PP2A activators iHAP1 and DT-061.The EMBO journal · 2022Article
- Article
- Maternal age affects equine day 8 embryo gene expression both in trophoblast and inner cell mass.BMC genomics · 2022Article
- C53 Interacting with UFM1-Protein Ligase 1 Regulates Microtubule Nucleation in Response to ER Stress.Cells · 2022Article
- Upregulated TUBG1 expression is correlated with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma.PeerJ · 2022Article
- γ-Tubulin in microtubule nucleation and beyond.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- TH588 and Low-Dose Nocodazole Impair Chromosome Congression by Suppressing Microtubule Turnover within the Mitotic Spindle.Cancers · 2021Article
- Review
- Molecular basis of vasohibins-mediated detyrosination and its impact on spindle function and mitosis.Cell research · 2019Article
- TUBG1 missense variants underlying cortical malformations disrupt neuronal locomotion and microtubule dynamics but not neurogenesis.Nature communications · 2019Article
- Review
- ISGylation - a key to lock the cell gates for preventing the spread of threats.Journal of cell science · 2017Review
- Regulation of microtubule nucleation mediated by γ-tubulin complexes.Protoplasma · 2017Review
- Microtubule-associated protein-4 controls nanovesicle dynamics and T cell activation.Journal of cell science · 2017Article
- Analysis of Microtubules and Microtubule-Organizing Center at the Immune Synapse.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2017Article
- Fidgetin-Like 2: A Microtubule-Based Regulator of Wound Healing.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
γ-Tubulin is the key protein for microtubule nucleation. Duplication of the γ-tubulin gene occurred several times during evolution, and in mammals γ-tubulin genes encode proteins which share ∼97% sequence identity. Previous analysis of Tubg1 and Tubg2 knock-out mice has suggested that γ-tubulins are not functionally equivalent. Tubg1 knock-out mice died at the blastocyst stage, whereas Tubg2 knock-out mice developed normally and were fertile. It was proposed that γ-tubulin 1 represents ubiquitous γ-tubulin, while γ-tubulin 2 may have some specific functions and cannot substitute for γ-tubulin 1 deficiency in blastocysts. The molecular basis of the suggested functional difference between γ-tubulins remains unknown. Here we show that exogenous γ-tubulin 2 is targeted to centrosomes and interacts with γ-tubulin complex proteins 2 and 4. Depletion of γ-tubulin 1 by RNAi in U2OS cells causes impaired microtubule nucleation and metaphase arrest. Wild-type phenotype in γ-tubulin 1-depleted cells is restored by expression of exogenous mouse or human γ-tubulin 2. Further, we show at both mRNA and protein levels using RT-qPCR and 2D-PAGE, respectively, that in contrast to Tubg1, the Tubg2 expression is dramatically reduced in mouse blastocysts. This indicates that γ-tubulin 2 cannot rescue γ-tubulin 1 deficiency in knock-out blastocysts, owing to its very low amount. The combined data suggest that γ-tubulin 2 is able to nucleate microtubules and substitute for γ-tubulin 1. We propose that mammalian γ-tubulins are functionally redundant with respect to the nucleation activity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.